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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control >Delay and Standard Deviation Beamforming to Enhance Specular Reflections in Ultrasound Imaging
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Delay and Standard Deviation Beamforming to Enhance Specular Reflections in Ultrasound Imaging

机译：延迟和标准偏差波束形成可增强超声成像中的镜面反射

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Although interventional devices, such as needles, guide wires, and catheters, are best visualized by X-ray, real-time volumetric echography could offer an attractive alternative as it avoids ionizing radiation; it provides good soft tissue contrast, and it is mobile and relatively cheap. Unfortunately, as echography is traditionally used to image soft tissue and blood flow, the appearance of interventional devices in conventional ultrasound images remains relatively poor, which is a major obstacle toward ultrasound-guided interventions. The objective of this paper was therefore to enhance the appearance of interventional devices in ultrasound images. Thereto, a modified ultrasound beamforming process using conventional-focused transmit beams is proposed that exploits the properties of received signals containing specular reflections (as arising from these devices). This new beamforming approach referred to as delay and standard deviation beamforming (DASD) was quantitatively tested using simulated as well as experimental data using a linear array transducer. Furthermore, the influence of different imaging settings (i.e., transmit focus, imaging depth, and scan angle) on the obtained image contrast was evaluated. The study showed that the image contrast of specular regions improved by 5–30 dB using DASD beamforming compared with traditional delay and sum (DAS) beamforming. The highest gain in contrast was observed when the interventional device was tilted away from being orthogonal to the transmit beam, which is a major limitation in standard DAS imaging. As such, the proposed beamforming methodology can offer an improved visualization of interventional devices in the ultrasound image with potential implications for ultrasound-guided interventions.
机译：尽管通过X射线可以最好地看到诸如针头，导丝和导管之类的介入设备，但是实时体积回波描记技术可以避免电离辐射，因此是一种有吸引力的选择。它提供了良好的软组织对比度，并且可移动且相对便宜。不幸的是，由于回波描记术传统上用于对软组织和血流进行成像，常规超声图像中的介入设备的外观仍然相对较差，这是超声引导介入的主要障碍。因此，本文的目的是增强超声图像中介入设备的外观。迄今为止，提出了一种使用常规聚焦发射束的改进的超声束形成工艺，该工艺利用了包含镜面反射（由这些设备引起）的接收信号的特性。使用模拟和实验数据（使用线性阵列换能器）对这种称为延迟和标准偏差波束形成（DASD）的新波束形成方法进行了定量测试。此外，评估了不同成像设置（即，透射焦点，成像深度和扫描角度）对获得的图像对比度的影响。研究表明，与传统的延迟和和（DAS）波束成形相比，使用DASD波束成形，镜面区域的图像对比度提高了5–30 dB。当介入设备倾斜而不与发射光束正交时，观察到对比度的最高增益，这是标准DAS成像的主要限制。这样，所提出的波束形成方法可以提供超声图像中的介入设备的改进的可视化，对超声引导的介入具有潜在的影响。

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