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首页> 外文期刊>Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions on >Real-Time Hand-Held Ultrasound Medical-Imaging Device Based on a New Digital Quadrature Demodulation Processor
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Real-Time Hand-Held Ultrasound Medical-Imaging Device Based on a New Digital Quadrature Demodulation Processor

机译：基于新型数字正交解调处理器的实时手持式超声医学成像设备

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摘要

A fully hardware-based real-time digital wideband quadrature demodulation processor based on the Hilbert transform is proposed to process ultrasound radio frequency signals. The presented architecture combines 2 finite impulse response (FIR) filters to process in-phase and quadrature signals and includes a piecewise linear approximation architecture that performs the required square root operations. The proposed implementation enables flexibility to support different transducers with its ability to load on-the-fly different FIR filter coefficient sets. The complexity and accuracy of the demodulator processor are analyzed with simulated RF data; a normalized residual sum-of-squares cost function is used for comparison with the Matlab Hilbert function. Three implementations are integrated into a hand-held ultrasound system for experimental accuracy and performance evaluation. Real-time images were acquired from a reference phantom, demonstrating the feasibility of using the presented architecture to perform real-time digital quadrature demodulation of ultrasonic signal echoes. Experimental results show that the implementation, using only 2942 slices and 3 dedicated digital multipliers of a low-cost and low-power field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is accurate relative to a comparable software- based system; axial and lateral resolution of 1 mm and 2 mm, respectively, were obtained with a 12-mm piezoelectric transducer without postprocessing. Because the processing and sampling rates are the same, high-frequency ultrasound signals can be processed as well. For a 15-frame-per-second display, the hand-held ultrasonic imaging-processing core (FPGA, memory) requires only 45 mW (dynamic) when using a 5-MHz single-element piezoelectric transducer.
机译：提出了一种基于希尔伯特变换的全硬件实时数字宽带正交解调处理器，用于处理超声射频信号。提出的架构结合了2个有限冲激响应（FIR）滤波器来处理同相和正交信号，并包括执行所需平方根运算的分段线性逼近架构。所提出的实现方式能够动态加载不同的FIR滤波器系数集，从而能够灵活地支持不同的传感器。利用仿真的RF数据分析了解调器处理器的复杂性和准确性。归一化的残差平方和成本函数用于与Matlab Hilbert函数进行比较。三种实现方式被集成到手持式超声系统中，以进行实验准确性和性能评估。实时图像是从参考体模上获取的，证明了使用所提出的体系结构执行超声信号回波的实时数字正交解调的可行性。实验结果表明，相对于可比较的基于软件的系统，仅使用2942个片和3个专用的低成本和低功耗现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的数字乘法器的实现是准确的。使用12毫米压电换能器无需进行后处理即可分别获得1毫米和2毫米的轴向和横向分辨率。因为处理速率和采样速率相同，所以也可以处理高频超声信号。对于每秒15帧的显示，使用5 MHz单元件压电换能器时，手持式超声成像处理内核（FPGA，存储器）仅需要45 mW（动态）。

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