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Beam Steering with Segmented Annular Arrays

机译：分段环形阵列的光束转向

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摘要

Two-dimensional (2-D) arrays of squared matrix have maximum periodicity in their main directions; consequently, they require half wavelength (lambda/2), interelement spacing to avoid grating lobes. This condition gives rise to well-known problems derived from the huge number of array elements arid from their small size. In contrast, 2-D arrays with curvilinear configuration produce lower grating lobes and, therefore, allow the element size to be increased beyond lambda/2. Using larger elements, these arrays have the advantage of reducing the number of elements arid of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, the beamforming properties of segmented annular phased arrays are theoretically analyzed and compared with the equivalent squared matrix array. In the first part, point-like elements are considered in order to facilitate the field analysis with respect to the array structure. Afterward, the effect of the element size on the steered beam properties also is presented. In the examples, it is shown that the segmented annular array has notably lower grating lobes than the equivalent squared matrix array and that it is possible to design segmented annular arrays with interelement distance higher than lambda whose beam characteristics are perfectly valid for volumetric imaging applications
机译：平方矩阵的二维（2-D）数组在其主方向上具有最大周期性；因此，它们需要一半波长（λ/ 2），元素间距以避免光栅波瓣。这种情况引起了众所周知的问题，这些问题源于大量的数组元素以及较小的数组元素。相反，具有曲线配置的二维阵列产生较低的光栅波瓣，因此允许将元件尺寸增加到超过λ/ 2。使用更大的元件，这些阵列的优点是减少了元件数量，并且增加了信噪比（SNR）。本文对分段环形相控阵的波束形成特性进行了理论分析，并与等效平方矩阵阵列进行了比较。在第一部分中，考虑点状元素以便于对阵列结构进行现场分析。然后，还介绍了单元尺寸对转向梁性能的影响。在示例中，显示了分段环形阵列的光栅波瓣明显低于等效的平方矩阵阵列，并且可以设计元素间距大于λ的分段环形阵列，其光束特性对于体积成像应用完全有效

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