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2-D motion estimation using two parallel receive beams

机译：使用两个平行接收波束的二维运动估计

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摘要

We describe a method for estimating 2-D target motion using ultrasound. The method is based on previous ensemble tracking techniques, which required at least four parallel receive beams and 2-D pattern matching. In contrast, the method described requires only two parallel receive beams and 1-D pattern matching. Two 1-D searches are performed, one in each lateral direction. The direction yielding the best match indicates the lateral direction of motion. Interpolation provides sub-pixel magnitude resolution. We compared the two beam method with the four beam method using a translating speckle target at three different parallel beam steering angles and transducer angles of 0, 45, and 90/spl deg/. The largest differences were found at 90 degrees, where the two beam method was generally more accurate and precise than the four beam method and also less prone to directional errors at small translations. We also examined the performance of both methods in a laminar flow phantom. Results indicated that the two beam method was more accurate in measuring the flow angle when the flow velocity was small. Computer simulations supported the experimental findings. The poorer performance of the four beam method was attributed to differences in correlation among the parallel beams. Specifically, center beams 2 and 3 correlated better with each other than with the outer beams. Because the four beam method used a comparison of a kernel region in beam pair 2-3 with two different beam pairs 1-2 and 3-4, the 2-to-1 and 3-to-4 components of this comparison increased the incidence of directional errors, especially at small translations. The two beam method used a comparison between only two beams and so was not subject to this source of error. Finally, the two beam method did not require amplitude normalization, as was necessary for the four beam method, when the two beams were chosen symmetric to the transmit axis. We conclude that two beam ensemble tracking can accurately estimate motion -n-nusing only two parallel receive beams.
机译：我们描述了一种使用超声估计二维目标运动的方法。该方法基于先前的整体跟踪技术，该技术需要至少四个平行接收波束和2-D模式匹配。相反，所描述的方法仅需要两个平行的接收光束和一维图案匹配。执行两次一维搜索，每个横向搜索一次。产生最佳匹配的方向表示运动的横向方向。插值可提供亚像素大小的分辨率。我们将平移斑点目标在三个不同的平行光束转向角和传感器角度分别为0、45和90 / spl deg /下的两束方法与四束方法进行了比较。最大的差异是在90度处发现的，通常两束方法比四束方法更准确，更精确，并且在较小的平移下也不太容易出现方向误差。我们还检查了层流模型中两种方法的性能。结果表明，当流速较小时，两束法测量流角更为准确。计算机模拟支持了实验结果。四光束方法的较差性能归因于平行光束之间的相关性差异。具体地，中心光束2和3彼此之间的关联比与外部光束之间的关联更好。因为四光束方法使用了光束对2-3中的内核区域与两个不同的光束对1-2和3-4的比较，所以此比较的2对1和3对4分量增加了发生率方向错误，特别是在小平移时。两光束法仅使用两个光束之间的比较，因此不受此误差源的影响。最后，当选择两束相对于发射轴对称时，两束方法不需要振幅归一化，这对于四束方法是必需的。我们得出的结论是，仅使用两个平行的接收波束，两个波束的整体跟踪就可以准确地估计运动-n。

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