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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control >History and recent progress in piezoelectric polymers
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History and recent progress in piezoelectric polymers

机译：压电聚合物的历史和最新进展

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摘要

Electrets of carnauba wax and resin have exhibited good stability of trapped charges for nearly 50 years. Dipolar orientation and trapped charge are two mechanisms contributing to the pyro-, piezo-, and ferroelectricity of polymers. Since the 1950s, shear piezoelectricity was investigated in polymers of biological origin (such as cellulose and collagen) as well as synthetic optically active polymers (such as polyamides and polylactic acids). Since the discovery of piezoelectricity in poled polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in 1969, the pyro-, piezo-, and ferroelectricity were widely investigated in a number of polar polymers, such as copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene, copolymers of vinylcyanide and vinylacetate, and nylons. Recent studies involve submicron films of aromatic and aliphatic polyureas prepared by vapor deposition polymerization in vacuum and the piezoelectricity of polyurethane produced by the coupling of electrostriction and bias electric fields. Gramophone pickups using a piece of bone or tendon were demonstrated in 1959. Microphones using a stretched film of polymethyl glutamate were reported in 1968. Ultrasonic transducers using elongated and poled films of PVDF were demonstrated in 1972. Headphones and tweeters using PVDF were marketed in 1975. Hydrophones and various electromechanical devices utilizing PVDP and its copolymers have been developed during the past 30 years. This paper briefly reviews the history and recent progress in piezoelectric polymers.
机译：巴西棕榈蜡和树脂的驻极体在近50年的时间里表现出良好的捕获电荷稳定性。偶极取向和捕获的电荷是造成聚合物的热电，压电和铁电的两种机制。自1950年代以来，在生物起源的聚合物（例如纤维素和胶原蛋白）以及合成的光学活性聚合物（例如聚酰胺和聚乳酸）中研究了剪切压电性。自1969年在极化聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）中发现压电性以来，在许多极性聚合物（如偏二氟乙烯和三氟乙烯的共聚物，乙烯基氰和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物）以及尼龙。最近的研究涉及通过在真空中通过气相沉积聚合制备的芳族和脂族聚脲的亚微米膜，以及通过电致伸缩和偏置电场的耦合产生的聚氨酯的压电性。 1959年展示了使用一块骨头或腱的留声机拾音器。1968年报道了使用聚谷氨酸甲酯拉伸膜的麦克风。1972年展示了使用拉长和极化PVDF膜的超声波换能器。1975年，使用PVDF的耳机和高音扬声器上市。在过去的30年中，开发了利用PVDP及其共聚物的水听器和各种机电设备。本文简要回顾了压电聚合物的历史和最新进展。

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