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On the performance of regression and step-initialized IIR clutterfilters for color Doppler systems in diagnostic medical ultrasound

机译:医用多普勒彩色多普勒系统的回归和逐步初始化IIR杂波滤波器的性能

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One of the major issues in color Doppler ultrasound is thensuppression of clutter that arises from stationary or slowly movingntissue. If not adequately suppressed, clutter can severely affect thenability of color Doppler systems to accurately estimate the Doppler meannfrequency and power of blood, resulting in a potentially misleadingndepiction of flow. In this study, the performances of two classes ofnclutter suppression techniques-step-initialized infinite impulsenresponse (IIR) and regression filters-were evaluated and compared bynmeans of extensive simulations. The performance indicators used were thenaccuracy and precision of the mean frequency and the power estimatesnafter clutter filtering. In summary, the ability of both filter classesnto suppress clutter was found to vary considerably depending on factorsnsuch as the clutter-to-flow-signal ratio and the ensemble length. Innparticular, the performance of step-initialized IIR filters was shown tonbe noticeably inferior to that predicted by their steady-state response.nRegression filters were found to offer significantly better performancenthan step-initialized IIR filters under heavy clutter conditions and,ngiven their steeper roll-off, appear to be more effective clutternsuppressors for power Doppler imaging. However, it should be noted that,nas demonstrated by the simulations, the performance of IIR filters isnseverely degraded by their transient response which, in turn, isndetermined by the initialization scheme used. Therefore, more elaboratenschemes-with superior transient characteristics thannstep-initialization-could significantly improve the effectiveness of IIRnfiltering under heavy clutter conditions
机译:彩色多普勒超声的主要问题之一是抑制由静止或缓慢运动的组织引起的混乱。如果不能得到足够的抑制,则杂波会严重影响彩色多普勒系统的准确性,无法准确估计血液的多普勒平均频率和功率,从而导致潜在的误导性流动预测。在这项研究中,通过广泛的仿真方法评估和比较了两类噪声抑制技术的性能:逐步初始化的无限冲激响应(IIR)和回归滤波器。然后,所使用的性能指标是平均频率的精度和精度以及杂波滤波后的功率估计。总而言之,发现两种滤波器类别抑制杂波的能力根据诸如杂波与流信号之比和集合长度之类的因素而变化很大。特别是,阶跃式IIR滤波器的性能明显低于其稳态响应所预测的性能。n回归滤波器的性能明显好于在杂波条件下阶跃式IIR滤波器,并且其陡峭的滚动特性似乎是功率多普勒成像更有效的杂波抑制器。然而,应该指出的是,通过仿真证明,IIR滤波器的性能不会因其瞬态响应而严重降低,而瞬态响应又会由所使用的初始化方案确定。因此,比起步初始化,更多的降压药具有更好的瞬态特性,可以在严重的杂波条件下显着提高IIRn滤波的效率。

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