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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control >Comparison Between Ray-Tracing and Full-Wave Simulation for Transcranial Ultrasound Focusing on a Clinical System Using the Transfer Matrix Formalism
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Comparison Between Ray-Tracing and Full-Wave Simulation for Transcranial Ultrasound Focusing on a Clinical System Using the Transfer Matrix Formalism

机译：用传递矩阵形式主义对临床系统进行跨扫描超声波的射线跟踪和全波模拟的比较

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摘要

Only one high-intensity focused ultrasound device has been clinically approved for transcranial brain surgery at the time of writing. The device operates within 650 and 720 kHz and corrects the phase distortions induced by the skull of each patient using a multielement phased array. Phase correction is estimated adaptively using a proprietary algorithm based on computed-tomography (CT) images of the patient's skull. In this article, we assess the performance of the phase correction computed by the clinical device and compare it to: 1) the correction obtained with a previously validated full-wave simulation algorithm using an open-source pseudo-spectral toolbox and 2) a hydrophone-based correction performed invasively to measure the aberrations induced by the skull at 650 kHz. For the full-wave simulation, three different mappings between CT Hounsfield units and the longitudinal speed of sound inside the skull were tested. All methods are compared with the exact same setup due to transfer matrices acquired with the clinical system for N = 5 skulls and T = 2 different targets for each skull. We show that the clinical ray-tracing software and the full-wave simulation restore, respectively, 84% +/- 5% and 86% +/- 5% of the pressure obtained with hydrophone-based correction for targets located in central brain regions. On the second target (off-center), we also report that the performance of both algorithms degrades when the average incident angles of the acoustic beam at the skull surface increase. When incident angles are higher than 20 degrees, the restored pressure drops below 75% of the pressure restored with hydrophone-based correction.
机译：在写作时，只有一个高强度聚焦的超声装置已被临床批准用于经颅脑手术。该装置在650和720kHz内工作，并使用多元平相控阵列校正每个患者的颅骨引起的相失真。使用基于患者颅骨的计算机断层扫描（CT）图像的专有算法自适应地估算相位校正。在本文中，我们评估了临床设备计算的相位校正的性能，并将其与：1）使用先前验证的全波仿真算法获得的校正，使用开源伪频谱工具箱和2）一个Hydrophate基于纠正的校正，以测量由650kHz的颅骨引起的像差。对于全波模拟，测试CT Hounsfield单元之间的三种不同映射和颅骨内部的声音纵向速度。所有方法都与由于使用临床系统获得的传输矩阵而与N = 5颅骨的临床系统和每个颅骨的T = 2不同目标相同的方法进行比较。我们表明，临床追踪软件和全波仿真恢复，分别为84％+/- 5％和86％+/- 5％，其采用位于中央脑区的校正基于流水化的校正而获得的压力。在第二个目标（偏离中心）上，我们还报告说，当颅面上的声光的平均入射角增加时，这两种算法的性能都会降低。当入射角高于20度时，恢复的压降降至75％的压力恢复到水上的校正。

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