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Procedures for Extending the Operation Period of Nuclear Power Plants in Japan and Related Topics: Analysis of Related Laws and Implementation, and International Comparison

机译：延长日本核电厂运行时间的程序及相关主题：相关法律和实施分析以及国际比较

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摘要

The operation period of nuclear power plants in Japan is prescribed in the "Act on the Regulation of Nuclear Source Material, Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactors" (hereinafter referred to as the "Reactor Regulation Act"). Under the law, the period during which a nuclear power reactor can be operated (hereinafter referred to as the "operation period") shall be 40 years from the date the pre-use inspection is successfully passed. Upon expiration, once approval has been received from the Nuclear Regulation Authority, it is stipulated that this period can be extended, once only, for a period not exceeding 20 years. Regarding the extension of the operation period under this law, The Kansai Electric Power Company, Incorporated filed applications for the Takahama Nuclear Power Station (Units 1 and 2) in April 2015 and for the Mihama Nuclear Power Station Unit 3 in November 2015, and The Japan Atomic Power Company filed an application for the company's Tokai No. 2 Power Station in November 2017. However, the Act does not specify implementation details concerning extension of the operation period. Additionally, the Act also does not have a clear and definite provision regarding the handling of situations where the initial operation period for a facility expires while that facility is under review by the Nuclear Regulation Authority. For this reason, concerning the handling of this situation, while the Nuclear Regulation Authority suggests termination of the inspection on the grounds that it is difficult to complete the inspection within the deadline, the Authority's international advisors and the Japan Society of Maintenology have expressed opposition to termination of the inspection, resulting in a situation where there is a large difference in opinion between the relevant parties. Discussions by both parties, insisting on termination or continuation of inspections, began from around 2015 at the latest, but with neither party presenting their legal interpretation of the Reactor Regulation Act, the situation where the views of both parties have been expressed without any supporting evidence is continuing. Such has been the background of this rigid debate over the long term. In this paper, in recognition of the above problem, we have examined the legal interpretation regarding application for extension of the operation period, as laid out in the Reactor Regulation Act, and revealed that either interpretation, for either termination or continuation of inspections, superficially appears to be possible. In addition, as a countermeasure for the short-term situation, based on the point that consideration of the necessary period would prevent us from resolving the matter via revision of the law, etc., we point out that it is important to discuss the reasonable legal interpretation of the current law while referring to the wording of other laws and regulations, instead of expanding upon a polarizing argument by both parties for or against the termination of inspections. Additionally, in order to examine medium to long-term measures that can take into account revision of the law, etc. as an option, we compare Japan's procedures for extension of the operation period with those of the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Canada and South Korea, finding that (1) Japan's period in which an application can be made is the shortest among the six countries that are compared, and that (2) excluding Japan, there is no country among the five countries that opts to terminate inspections in the case where the initial operation period expires while an inspection is in progress. The point that Japan's handling of the operation period extension inspections is unique from an international viewpoint is merely a fact, and it is impossible, with only that point, to immediately decide that it is necessary to revise the law, etc. However, taking into account the magnitude of the impact that termination of the inspection for extension of a nuclear power plant's operation period would have on the operations of the plant operator and eventually the national economy, it becomes necessary to show a reasonable basis for Japan's unique handling of this issue. In this paper, in relation to the extension of a nuclear power plant's operation period, we analyzed the legal interpretation of the current law and compared implementation from an international viewpoint. However, in order to make a more accurate understanding regarding how to apply for extension of the operating period, in addition to deepening further discussion by law experts, interdisciplinary discussions, such as on the scientific safety of extending the operation period of nuclear reactors, are required. With regards to this matter, it is desirable that experts in various fields, such as law and engineering, be included to facilitate further understanding.
机译：日本的核电厂的运行期限由“关于核原料，核燃料材料和反应堆的管制法”（以下称为“反应堆管制法”）规定。根据该法律，核动力反应堆可以运行的期限（以下简称“运行期限”）应为从使用前检查成功通过之日起的40年。到期后，一旦获得核监管局的批准，规定该期限只能延长一次，最长不得超过20年。关于延长本法规定的运行期限，关西电力公司于2015年4月提交了高ham核电站（1号和2号机组）以及2015年11月向美滨核电站3号机组提出了申请，日本原子能公司于2017年11月提交了该公司的Tokai第二电站的申请。但是，该法未规定延长运行时间的实施细节。此外，该法也没有明确和明确的规定，涉及在核监管局正在审查该设施的初始运营期届满的情况下的处理。因此，关于这种情况的处理，尽管核监管局以难以在规定期限内完成视察为由建议终止视察，但该局的国际顾问和日本维护学会均表示反对终止检查，导致有关各方之间意见分歧很大。双方的讨论最迟于2015年左右开始，双方坚持要求终止或继续进行检查，但由于双方均未对《反应堆管理法》进行法律解释，因此在没有任何支持证据的情况下表达了双方的意见正在继续。长期以来，这一直是这场激烈辩论的背景。在本文中，鉴于上述问题，我们根据《反应堆管理法》对有关延长运行期限的申请进行了法律解释，并揭示了对于终止或继续检查的两种解释都是表面的似乎是可能的。此外，作为短期内的对策，基于考虑必要时期会阻止我们通过修改法律等方式解决问题的观点，我们指出，讨论合理的问题很重要。对现行法律的法律解释，同时参考其他法律和法规的措词，而不是扩大双方关于支持或反对终止检查的两极分化的论点。另外，为了研究可以考虑修改法律等作为选择的中长期措施，我们将日本延长经营期限的程序与美国，法国，英国的延长期限进行了比较。 ，加拿大和韩国，发现（1）在可以比较的六个国家中，日本可以申请的时间最短；（2）除日本外，五个国家中没有一个可以选择如果在检查过程中初始操作期到期，则终止检查。从国际角度来看，日本对运行期延长检查的处理是独一无二的，这仅仅是事实，不可能仅凭这一点就立即决定有必要修改法律等。考虑到终止延长核电厂运行期检查对核电厂运营人的运行乃至国民经济的影响的严重性，有必要为日本对这一问题的独特处理提供合理的依据。在本文中，关于延长核电站运行时间的问题，我们分析了现行法律的法律解释，并从国际角度比较了实施情况。但是，为了对如何申请延长运行期有更准确的了解，除了加深法律专家的进一步讨论外，还开展了跨学科的讨论，例如延长核反应堆运行期的科学安全性。需要。关于此问题，希望包括法律和工程等各个领域的专家，以促进进一步的理解。

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  • 来源
    《IEEJ energy journal》 |2019年第1期|34-64|共31页
  • 作者

    Tomofumi Shibata;

  • 作者单位

    Nuclear Energy Group, Strategy Research Unit, The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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