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The Economics of Nuclear Energy

机译：核能经济学

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摘要

The cost of nuclear power generation is calculated to be a little lower than other power generation methods in Japan when the period of operation is 40 years. In contrast, according to the cost calculation by the Congressional Budget Office in the U.S. Congress, the power generation costs of nuclear power is about 30% higher than those of conventional coal and natural gas thermal power in a reference scenario which excludes any policy support to power generation. IEEJ searched for the factor which can explain the difference between Japan and the U.S. and found that the difference in the discount rate is thought to be a major factor generating a cost difference. The difference in interest rate levels largely controls the economics of nuclear power generation. On the other hand, the change in the fuel prices will cause power generation costs to fluctuate. The power generating costs of nuclear power fluctuate not so much as those of thermal powers. However, nuclear power generation entails regulatory risk as an inherent characteristic that greatly determines its economics. Electric utilities companies are exposed to uncertainties caused by these factors. In order to realize the positive externalities of nuclear power generation, the governments should maintain the appropriate capacity of nuclear power both by minimizing regulatory risk and influencing the cost structure of power generation through government financing or guarantees, carbon dioxide taxation and/or other policy tools.
机译：经计算，运行时间为40年时，核能发电的成本要比日本的其他发电方式略低。相比之下，根据美国国会国会预算办公室的成本计算，在不包括任何政策支持的参考情况下，核电的发电成本比常规煤和天然气火力发电的成本高约30％。发电。 IEEJ搜寻了可以解释日美差异的因素，发现折现率差异被认为是造成成本差异的主要因素。利率水平的差异在很大程度上控制了核发电的经济性。另一方面，燃料价格的变化将导致发电成本的波动。核能的发电成本波动不如火力发电的波动大。但是，核能发电将监管风险作为一种内在特征，极大地决定了其经济性。电力公司面临由这些因素引起的不确定性。为了实现核能发电的积极外部性，政府应通过政府融资或担保，二氧化碳税和/或其他政策工具，最大限度地降低监管风险并影响发电成本结构，从而保持适当的核电能力。 。

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  • 来源
    《IEEJ energy journal》 |2009年第3期|43-53|共11页
  • 作者

    Kazutomo Irie;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo/ Senior Research Fellow, Strategy and Industry Research Unit, the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan;

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