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Robust image watermarking via geometrically invariant feature points and image normalisation

机译:通过几何不变特征点和图像归一化进行鲁棒的图像水印

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摘要

The robustness of watermarks to geometric attacks is viewed as an issue of great importance. Indeed, it constitutes one of the most challenging design requirements for watermarks. This study proposes a robust image watermarking scheme using visually significant feature points and image normalisation. In order to tackle the issue of geometric distortions, the authors adopt a feature extraction method based on end-stopped wavelets to extract significant geometry preserving feature points, which are shown to be robust against various types of common signal processing and geometric attacks. These feature points can be used as synchronisation marks between watermark embedding and detection. The watermark is embedded into nonoverlapping normalised circular images, which are determined by feature points. Rotation invariance is achieved via image normalisation. The watermark embedding process is performed by modifying low-frequency coefficients of discrete cosine transform blocks, which are randomly selected using a secret key. Moreover, the security of the scheme is further guaranteed by an image-dependent key. The proposed scheme is blind as the original image is not required at the watermark detection. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust against geometric attacks as well as common signal processing attacks and outperforms related techniques found in the literature.
机译:水印对几何攻击的鲁棒性被认为是非常重要的问题。实际上,它构成了水印最具挑战性的设计要求之一。这项研究提出了一种健壮的图像水印方案,该方案使用了视觉上显着的特征点和图像标准化。为了解决几何失真的问题,作者采用了一种基于末端停止小波的特征提取方法来提取重要的几何保留特征点,这些特征点表现出了对各种类型的常见信号处理和几何攻击的鲁棒性。这些特征点可用作水印嵌入和检测之间的同步标记。水印嵌入到不重叠的归一化圆形图像中,该圆形图像由特征点确定。旋转不变性是通过图像标准化实现的。通过修改离散余弦变换块的低频系数来执行水印嵌入过程,离散余弦变换块的低频系数是使用秘密密钥随机选择的。此外,该方案的安全性还通过与图像有关的密钥来保证。所提出的方案是盲目的,因为在水印检测时不需要原始图像。实验结果表明,所提出的方案对几何攻击以及常见的信号处理攻击具有鲁棒性,并且优于文献中的相关技术。

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  • 来源
    《Image Processing, IET》 |2012年第4期|p.354-363|共10页
  • 作者

    Nasir I.;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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