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MURIEL SPARK: SOME BIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES OF SATIRE

机译：MURIEL SPARK：某些传记的传记来源

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摘要

It is a truism that serious fiction is not necessarily fantasy, but is often grounded in the reality of the author's life. However, many fictional characters, plots, philosophical themes, and descriptions of places and events have their source in unconscious determinants linked with the author's experience. I include fiction that employs satire, even though satire seems to be directed to certain character types as well as institutions, customs, and beliefs worthy of ridicule. Consequently, personal elements in the writer's background may not be obvious. For this reason I have chosen the novels and short stories of the late Muriel Spark, for several decades one of the most widely read and admired satirists in her native Britain and the United States. Using a broadly defined psychoanalytic framework, including references to Object Relations theory, I have examined the following determinants of Spark's fiction: familial, religious, interpersonal, psychosexual, and psychosis-induced experiences. The emotional sub-stratum of Spark's satire is anger, the apparent analogue of her feelings toward the real people in her life. By generalizing these feelings, often bitter and resentful, Spark has given her readers a view of the human race that is deeply pessimistic, written in a style that is concise and oddly amusing, with occasional overtones of supernatural forces at work.
机译：这是不言而喻的，严肃的小说不一定是幻想，而是通常立足于作者生活的现实。但是，许多虚构的人物，情节，哲学主题以及对地点和事件的描述都源于与作者的经历有关的无意识的决定因素。尽管讽刺似乎是针对某些人物类型以及机构，风俗和值得嘲笑的信仰，但我还是包括使用讽刺小说的小说。因此，作者背景中的个人元素可能并不明显。由于这个原因，我选择了已故的穆里尔·斯帕克（Muriel Spark）的小说和短篇小说，这是几十年来她家乡英国和美国最受欢迎的讽刺作家之一。使用广泛定义的心理分析框架，包括对“对象关系”理论的引用，我检查了Spark小说的以下决定因素：家庭，宗教，人际交往，性心理和精神病引起的经历。 Spark讽刺作品的情感层面是愤怒，这显然是她对生活中真实人的感受的类似物。通过概括这些常常是苦涩和怨恨的感觉，Spark使她的读者对人类的看法极为悲观，以简洁明了的方式写作，并带有奇异的力量在起作用。

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