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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Astronautica >THE MARTIAN AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL UV RADIATION ENVIRONMENT--1. BIOLOGICAL AND CLOSED-LOOP ECOSYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS
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THE MARTIAN AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL UV RADIATION ENVIRONMENT--1. BIOLOGICAL AND CLOSED-LOOP ECOSYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS

机译：火星和陆地紫外线辐射环境--1。生物和闭环生态系统注意事项

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摘要

The Martian surface is exposed to both UVC radiation (< 280 nm) and higher doses of UVB (280--3l5 nm) compared to the surface of the Earth. Terrestrial organisms have not evolved to cope with such high levels of UVC and UVB and thus any attempts to introduce organisms to Mars, par- ticularly in closed-loop life support systems that use ambient sunlight, must address this problem. Here we examine the UV radiation environment of Mars with respect to biological systems. Action spectra and UV surface fluxes are used to estimate the UV stress that both DNA and chloroplasts would ex- perience. From this vantage point it is possible to consider appropriate measures to address the pro- blem of the Martian UV environment for future long term human exploration and settlement strategies. Some prospects for improving the UV tolerance of organisms are also discussed. Existing artificial ecosystems such as Biosphere 2 can provide some insights into design strategies pertient to high UV environments. Some prospects for improving the UV tolerance of organisms are also dis- cussed. The data also have implications for the establishment of closed-loop ecosystems using natural sunlight on the lunar surface and elsewhere in the Solar System.
机译：与地球表面相比，火星表面暴露于UVC辐射（<280 nm）和更高剂量的UVB（280--31.5 nm）。陆生生物还没有进化出能够应对如此高水平的UVC和UVB的方法，因此，任何将生物引入火星的尝试，特别是在使用环境阳光的闭环生命支持系统中，都必须解决这个问题。在这里，我们研究了火星在生物系统方面的紫外线辐射环境。作用光谱和紫外线表面通量用于估计DNA和叶绿体均会遇到的紫外线应力。从这个有利的角度出发，可以考虑采取适当的措施来解决火星紫外线环境的问题，以应对未来的长期人类探索和解决策略。还讨论了改善生物对紫外线耐受性的一些前景。现有的人工生态系统（如生物圈2号）可以提供一些有关高紫外线环境的设计策略的见解。还讨论了提高生物体对紫外线的耐受性的一些前景。这些数据对于利用月球表面和太阳系其他地方的自然阳光建立闭环生态系统也具有意义。

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