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Mental retardation

机译：智力低下

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Mental Retardation (MR) occurs in 2–3% of the general population. Prevalence of milder MR is seven to ten times more than severe MR. Cause of severe MR can be determined in 60–70% of cases, as compared to mild MR where 35–55% remain idiopathic. The diagnostic process is aided considerably if the timing of a developmental insult can be determined : prenatal, periatal, postnatal (not mutually exclusive). History plays a pivotal role in approaching a diagnosis. After clinical evaluation one should be able to assess whether the disorder is static or progressive; approximate developmental quotient; possible timing of insult and possible underlying genetic etiology. Investigations should be based on history and physical examination. The important category of tests include: thyroid function tests, cytogenetic studies, metabolic work-up, fragile-X screening, radiological investigations, electrophysiological studies and specific tests according to the suspected diagnosis. Having an etiological explanation aids in the development of a specific treatment plan; helps families understand prognosis and recurrence risk and on the community level assists in the development of preventive strategies. Key words Mental retardation - Global developmental delay
机译：智力低下（MR）发生在总人口的2-3％。轻度MR的发生率是重度MR的7至10倍。在60％至70％的病例中可以确定严重MR的原因，而在轻度MR中35％至55％仍是特发性的。如果可以确定发育损伤的时机，则诊断过程将得到极大帮助：产前，产后，产后（不互斥）。历史在进行诊断时起着关键作用。经过临床评估后，人们应该能够评估该疾病是静态的还是进行性的；近似发展商可能的侮辱时机和潜在的遗传病因。调查应基于病史和体格检查。重要的检查类别包括：甲状腺功能检查，细胞遗传学研究，代谢检查，X线筛查，放射学检查，电生理检查以及根据可疑诊断进行的特定检查。进行病因学解释有助于制定具体的治疗计划；帮助家庭了解预后和复发风险，并在社区一级协助制定预防策略。关键词智力低下-全球发育迟缓

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