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首页> 外文期刊>Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on >A Comparison of Simulation and Hardware-in-the- Loop Alternatives for Digital Control of Power Converters
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A Comparison of Simulation and Hardware-in-the- Loop Alternatives for Digital Control of Power Converters

机译：电力转换器数字控制的仿真和半实物替代方案的比较

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Debugging digital controllers for power converters can be a problem because there are both digital and analog components. This paper focuses on debugging digital controllers to be implemented in Field Programmable Gate Arrays or Application Specific Integrated Circuits, which are designed in hardware description languages. Four methods are proposed and described. All of them allow simulation, and two methods also allow emulation—synthesizing the model of the converter to run the complete closed-loop system in actual hardware. The first method consists in using a mixed analog and digital simulator. This is the easiest alternative for the designer, but simulation time can be a problem, specially for long simulations like those necessary in power factor correction or when the controller is very complex, for example, with embedded processors. The alternative is to use pure digital models, generating a digital model of the power converter. Three methods are proposed: real type, float type and fixed point models (in the latter case including hand-coded and automatic-coded descriptions). Float and fixed point models are synthesizable, so emulation is possible, achieving speedups over 20 000. The results obtained with each method are presented, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each one. Apart from that, an analysis of the necessary resolution in the variables is presented, being the main conclusion that 32-bit floating point is not enough for medium and high switching frequencies.
机译：由于存在数字和模拟组件，因此调试电源转换器的数字控制器可能会成为问题。本文着重于调试将在现场可编程门阵列或专用集成电路中实现的数字控制器，它们以硬件描述语言进行设计。提出并描述了四种方法。它们全部都允许仿真，并且两种方法也允许仿真-合成转换器的模型以在实际硬件中运行完整的闭环系统。第一种方法是使用混合的模拟和数字模拟器。对于设计人员来说，这是最简单的选择，但是仿真时间可能是个问题，特别是对于长时间仿真（例如功率因数校正所必需的仿真）或控制器非常复杂（例如对于嵌入式处理器）而言。替代方法是使用纯数字模型，生成电源转换器的数字模型。提出了三种方法：实型，浮点型和不动点模型（在后一种情况下，包括手工编码和自动编码的描述）。浮点模型和定点模型是可综合的，因此可以进行仿真，实现超过20000的加速。介绍了每种方法获得的结果，突出了每种方法的优缺点。除此之外，还对变量的必要分辨率进行了分析，得出的主要结论是，对于中，高开关频率，32位浮点数还不够。

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