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Urban crowdsourcing: Stakeholder selection and dynamic knowledge flows in high and low complexity projects

机译：城市众包：利益相关者选择和动态知识流动高低复杂性项目

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Urban crowdsourcing is a new form of open innovation that aims to develop smart cities. Due to the heterogeneity of partners in urban planning, knowing the type of knowledge gained from each stakeholder at each stage of the crowdsourcing process needs to be understood for effective collaborations and innovative knowledge flow activation. Using a qualitative approach with experts involved in the Casablanca Smart City project, this research investigates complex multi-stakeholder ecosystems. More specifically, this study identifies and examines the role of external stakeholders at each stage of the innovation process, and the resulting dynamic knowledge flows that help improve the process of urban crowdsourcing in the development of smart city solutions. Depending on the complexity of the innovation project, findings identify three primary stakeholders (citizens, public authorities, and private and public firms) and three secondary stakeholders (NGOs, universities, consulting companies). Results show at which of the four steps of urban crowdsourcing they intervene. Furthermore, the findings reveal a dynamic learning environment composed of two knowledge flows (?learning with? and ?learning from? stakeholders).
机译：城市众包是一种新的开放式创新形式，旨在发展智能城市。由于伙伴在城市规划中的异​​质性，了解每个阶段的每个利益攸关方获得的知识类型需要理解有效的合作和创新的知识流动激活。本研究使用了与参与Casabranca Smart City项目的专家的定性方法调查了复杂的多利益相关者生态系统。更具体地说，该研究确定了外部利益攸关方在创新过程的每个阶段的作用，以及由此产生的动态知识流动，有助于改善城市众包在智能城市解决方案的发展过程中的过程。根据创新项目的复杂性，调查结果确定三个主要利益攸关方（公民，公共当局和私人公司）和三个二级利益攸关方（非政府组织，大学，咨询公司）。结果表明，城市众包的四个步骤中的哪些步骤介入。此外，调查结果揭示了由两个知识流量组成的动态学习环境（？学习？和？从？利益相关者学习）。

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