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首页> 外文期刊>Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets >Editorial [Hot Topic: Influenza Virus Pathogenesis and Drug Targets (Guest Editor: Christopher F. Basler)]
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Editorial [Hot Topic: Influenza Virus Pathogenesis and Drug Targets (Guest Editor: Christopher F. Basler)]

机译：社论[热门话题：流感病毒的发病机理和药物靶标（来宾编辑：Christopher F. Basler）]

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While seasonal influenza, caused by influenza A viruses and influenza B viruses, continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality, pandemic influenza raises fears of a potentially catastrophic public health event. Two occurrences in particular have galvanized support for influenza virus research, particularly as it pertains to pandemics. The first was the identification of human cases, and particularly those resulting in human deaths, of avian influenza. Such cases were first recognized in Hong Kong in 1997, when 6 of 18 human cases of avian H5N1 influenza virus infections led to death. Despite the eradication of such viruses from the live bird markets of Hong Kong at the time, highly pathogenic avian influenza reemerged in poultry in 2004. Since 2004, H5N1 has spread from Asia, to Europe and to the Middle East and Africa. At least 327 human cases with 199 human deaths have occurred by infection from close human contact with avian species. This has raised fears of a human pandemic in which the avian-adapted H5N1 viruses either mutate to become adapted to humans or reassort their multiple genomic RNA segments with those of circulating human strains such that a virus with novel antigenicity and the capacity to efficiently spread from human to human becomes established in the human population. The second was the reconstruction of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus, a virus that killed an estimated 20-40 million people worldwide. Characterization of the fully reconstructed pandemic virus demonstrated that this was a virus with unique virulence characteristics, not typical of other human isolates. In addition to capturing the public imagination, the 1918 virus reconstruction opened up new opportunities to characterize the pathogenesis and transmission properties of highly virulent human influenza viruses. It is with this as a background that the components of this volume were conceived. The reviews that follow describe our current understanding of pandemic influenza, and focus on important new findings that have grown out of this emphasis on H5N1 and 1918 viruses. The goal of these reviews is to suggest how this new information may be employed to develop new anti-influenza virus strategies.
机译：尽管由甲型流感病毒和乙型流感病毒引起的季节性流感继续导致重大的发病率和死亡率，但大流行性流感引起人们对潜在的灾难性公共卫生事件的担忧。尤其是有两次事件为流感病毒研究提供了积极的支持，特别是与大流行有关的研究。首先是确定人类感染禽流感的病例，特别是导致人死亡的病例。此类病例最早于1997年在香港被发现，当时18例人类H5N1流感病毒感染人类病例中有6例死亡。尽管当时从香港的活禽市场中消灭了这种病毒，但高致病性禽流感在2004年在家禽中再次出现。自2004年以来，H5N1已从亚洲，欧洲，中东和非洲蔓延。由于人类与禽类密切接触而感染，至少发生了327例人类死亡案例，其中199例死亡。这引起了人们对人类大流行的担忧，其中禽类适应的H5N1病毒会突变以适应人类，或者将其多个基因组RNA片段与正在传播的人类株重新组合，从而使病毒具有新颖的抗原性和有效的传播能力。人与人之间已在人口中确立。第二个是1918年大流行性流感病毒的重建，该病毒在全世界估计杀死了20-40百万人。完全重建的大流行性病毒的特征表明，这是一种具有独特毒力特征的病毒，不是其他人类分离株的典型特征。除了引起公众的想象之外，1918年的病毒重建还提供了新的机会来表征高毒力人流感病毒的发病机理和传播特性。以此为背景来构思本册的各个组成部分。接下来的评论描述了我们对大流行性流感的当前理解，并着重于从对H5N1和1918病毒的重视而产生的重要新发现。这些审查的目的是建议如何使用这种新信息来开发新的抗流感病毒策略。

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