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Opening the government's black boxes: freedom of information and algorithmic accountability

机译：打开政府的黑匣子：信息自由和算法问责制

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摘要

Freedom of information laws are intended to illuminate how governments operate. However, the operations of governments increasingly involve algorithms, such as those used to recommend criminal sentencing and determine eligibility for social services. Algorithms function as "black boxes' that turn inputs into outputs using processes that are often, by design, not transparent. Freedom of information laws allow one potential means for algorithmic transparency. However, whether such laws can be used to access algorithms is unclear. This research examines, in two ways, the availability of government algorithms to the public. First, this study examines laws, regulations, advisory opinions, and court rulings relevant to the disclosure of algorithms. The second part of this study analyzes actual responses by US government agencies to Freedom of Information Act requests for algorithms. This study concludes that governmental policies and practices related to algorithmic disclosure are inconsistent. Such inconsistencies suggest a need for better mechanisms to hold government algorithms accountable.
机译：信息自由法旨在阐明政府的运作方式。但是，政府的运作越来越多地涉及算法，例如用于推荐刑事判决和确定社会服务资格的算法。算法起着“黑匣子”的作用，使用设计上通常不透明的过程将输入转化为输出。信息自由法为算法透明化提供了一种可能的手段，但是尚不清楚这种法则是否可用于访问算法。本研究以两种方式考察了政府算法对公众的可用性：首先，本研究考察了与算法公开有关的法律，法规，咨询意见和法院裁决；本研究的第二部分分析了美国的实际回应。政府机构根据《信息自由法》要求提供算法，这项研究得出的结论是，与算法公开相关的政府政策和实践不一致，这种不一致表明需要一种更好的机制来追究政府算法的责任。

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