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Populism and social media: how politicians spread a fragmented ideology

机译：民粹主义和社交媒体：政客如何传播零散的意识形态

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Populism is a relevant but contested concept in political communication research. It has been well-researched in political manifestos and the mass media. The present study focuses on another part of the hybrid media system and explores how politicians in four countries (AT, CH, IT, UK) use Facebook and Twitter for populist purposes. Five key elements of populism are derived from the literature: emphasizing the sovereignty of the people, advocating for the people, attacking the elite, ostracizing others, and invoking the 'heartland'. A qualitative text analysis reveals that populism manifests itself in a fragmented form on social media. Populist statements can be found across countries, parties, and politicians' status levels. While a broad range of politicians advocate for the people, attacks on the economic elite are preferred by left-wing populists. Attacks on the media elite and ostracism of others, however, are predominantly conducted by right-wing speakers. Overall, the paper provides an in-depth analysis of populism on social media. It shows that social media give the populist actors the freedom to articulate their ideology and spread their messages. The paper also contributes to a refined conceptualization and measurement of populism in future studies.
机译：民粹主义是政治传播研究中的一个相关但有争议的概念。在政治宣言和大众媒体中对此进行了深入研究。本研究关注混合媒体系统的另一部分，并探讨了四个国家（AT，CH，IT，英国）的政客如何将Facebook和Twitter用于民粹主义目的。平民主义的五个关键要素是从文献中得出的：强调人民的主权，崇尚人民，攻击精英，排斥他人，以及唤起“心脏地带”。定性的文本分析表明，民粹主义在社交媒体上以零散的形式表现出来。可以在国家，政党和政客的地位级别上找到民粹主义言论。尽管各种各样的政客为人民辩护，但左翼民粹主义者更倾向于攻击经济精英。但是，对媒体精英的攻击和对其他人的排斥主要是由右翼发言人进行的。总体而言，本文对社交媒体上的民粹主义进行了深入分析。它表明，社交媒体为民粹主义演员提供了表达其意识形态和传播其信息的自由。本文还有助于在以后的研究中完善民粹主义的概念化和度量。

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