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Documentarians, fair use, and free expression: changes in copyright attitudes and actions with access to best practices

机译：记录员，合理使用和自由表达：获得最佳做法后版权态度和行为的变化

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摘要

This study, based on a survey of 489 documentary filmmakers, is a case study in copyright policy in and through practice. It assesses the changes in documentary production practice around clearance of copyrighted material since the creation of the Documentary Filmmakers' Statement of Best Practices in fair use in 2005. Fair use, an exotic and occasional feature of documentary film in 2004, has become well known and commonly employed. Creative options for filmmakers concerning the use of third-party material have dramatically improved with changes in norms after the issuing of the Statement. Attitudes about fair use are strongly associated with free expression and creative opportunity, and vary with experience. Where filmmakers have changed work because of copyright concerns, they themselves rather than any gatekeeper have made the decision to do so. Where change is associated with fair use, risk is a common concern. Newer filmmakers are more likely to support the use of copyrighted material to make new work, but less likely to know about fair use, and also more likely to have experienced takedowns online. Both education about and experience with fair use appear to have an effect on practice. Filmmakers continue to lack reliable information on the actual risk landscape, and about fair use on digital platforms.
机译：这项研究基于对489部纪录片制片人的调查，是在实践中和实践中版权政策的案例研究。自2005年建立纪录片制片人最佳实践声明以来，它评估了纪录片制作实践中有关版权材料清除的变化。合理使用是2004年纪录片的一种奇特的和偶然的特征，已经众所周知并且常用的。声明发布后，随着准则的变化，电影制作人在使用第三方材料方面的创造性选择得到了极大的改善。关于合理使用的态度与自由表达和创造机会紧密相关，并且随经验而变化。在电影制作人出于版权考虑而改变工作的地方，他们本人而不是任何看门人都已决定这样做。在将变更与合理使用相关联的情况下，风险是普遍关注的问题。较新的电影制作人更可能支持使用受版权保护的材料来制作新作品，但不太可能知道合理使用，而且也更可能在网上经历过失败。有关合理使用的教育和经验似乎都对实践产生影响。电影制片人继续缺乏关于实际风险状况以及在数字平台上合理使用的可靠信息。

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