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On digitally networked technologies, hegemony and regime durability in authoritarian regimes: a Zimbabwean case study

机译：关于数字网络技术，威权统治下的霸权和政权持久性：津巴布韦的案例研究

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This study seeks to comprehend how the mobile phone and the Internet change power relations between citizens and the state, by assessing the possibilities they allow for in terms of Gramsci's theory of hegemony, which explores class struggles and domination. It illustrates this theoretical position with a case study analysis of Zimbabwe. This way, it hopes to give a better explanation of diverging outcomes in terms of empowerment of citizens vis-a-vis their government. The paper addresses the ambiguous theoretical and empirical relationship between digitally networked technologies (DNTs) and democratization. It argues for an analytical distinction between democratization of public discourse, democratization of opportunities for collective action, and democratization of political decision-making. Synthesizing theories of liberation technologies, theories of alternative and participatory discourse, and Gramsci's theory of hegemony, this paper warns for technological deterministic thinking about DNTs' impact on the democratization of discourse and the democratization of opportunity for collective action. It further contends that, even if both types of democratization are realized, the democratization of political decision-making does not necessarily follow. Applying this theoretical synthesis to the case of Zimbabwe, this paper argues that the proliferation of DNTs, although having powerful effects, is but one factor that has changed power relations in Zimbabwe since independence. DNTs expand the number and reach of alternative discourses and can be a key campaigning tool for opposition politics but the standards upheld in DNTs-enabled communication seem to foster further polarization. Expanding spaces for counter-hegemonic forces and increasing popular acceptance of human rights discourses have limited the manoeuvrability of the Mugabe regime. Whether this will suffice to bring about real political change, however, will depend on the regime's continued successfulness in making apparent as opposed to real concessions.
机译：本研究旨在通过评估葛兰西的霸权理论（探讨阶级斗争和统治），了解手机和互联网如何改变公民与国家之间的权力关系。通过对津巴布韦的案例分析说明了这一理论立场。这样，它希望就公民相对于政府的赋权方面更好地解释分歧的结果。本文探讨了数字网络技术（DNT）与民主化之间的模棱两可的理论和经验关系。它主张在公共话语民主化，集体行动机会民主化和政治决策民主化之间进行分析上的区别。综合解放技术理论，替代话语和参与性话语理论以及葛兰西的霸权理论，本文警告人们应采取技术确定性的思想来考虑DNT对话语民主化和集体行动机会民主化的影响。它进一步认为，即使实现了两种民主化，政治决策的民主化也不一定随之而来。将这一理论综合应用于津巴布韦的情况，本文认为DNT的扩散虽然具有强大的作用，但自独立以来改变了津巴布韦权力关系的一个因素。 DNT扩大了替代话语的数量和范围，并且可以成为反对派政治的主要竞选工具，但是DNT支持的沟通所坚持的标准似乎进一步加剧了两极化。扩大反霸权的空间以及人们越来越多地接受人权话语限制了穆加贝政权的可操作性。然而，这是否足以带来真正的政治变革，将取决于该政权能否继续表现出来，而不是让步。

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