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Approaches for preserving content integrity of sensitive online Arabic content: A survey and research challenges

机译：维护敏感的在线阿拉伯内容的内容完整性的方法：调查和研究挑战

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摘要

Trends in Internet usage and accessing online content in different languages and formats are proliferating at a considerable speed. There is a vast amount of digital online content available in different formats that are sensitive in nature with respect to writing styles and arrangement of diacritics. However, research done in the area aimed at identifying the necessary techniques suitable for preserving content integrity of sensitive digital online content is limited. So, it is a challenge to determine the techniques most suitable for different formats such as image or binary. Hence, preserving and verifying sensitive content constitutes an emerging problem and calls for timely solutions. The digital Holy Qur'an in Arabic, constitutes, one case of such sensitive content. Due to the different characteristics of the Arabic letters like diacritics (punctuation symbols), kashidas (extended letters) and other symbols, it is very easy to alter the original meaning of the text by simply changing the arrangement of diacritics. This article surveys the different approaches that are presently employed in the process of preserving and verifying the content integrity of sensitive online content. We present the state-of-the-art in content integrity verification and address the existing challenges in preserving the integrity of sensitive texts using the Digital Qur'an as a case study. The proposed taxonomy provides an effective classification and analysis of existing related schemes and their limitations. The paper discusses the recommendations of the expected efficiency of such approaches when applied for use in digital content integrity. Some of the main findings suggest unified approaches of watermarking and string matching approaches can be used to preserve content integrity of any sensitive digital content. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：Internet使用趋势以及以不同语言和格式访问在线内容的趋势正以惊人的速度激增。存在大量以不同格式提供的数字在线内容，这些内容本质上对书写风格和变音符号排列敏感。然而，在旨在识别适合于保持敏感数字在线内容的内容完整性的必要技术的领域中进行的研究是有限的。因此，确定最适合不同格式（例如图像或二进制）的技术是一项挑战。因此，保存和验证敏感内容构成了一个新出现的问题，并要求及时解决。以阿拉伯数字表示的古兰经数字就是这种敏感内容的一种情况。由于阿拉伯字母（如变音符号（标点符号），kashida（扩展字母）和其他符号）的不同特性，通过简单地改变变音符号的排列来更改文本的原始含义非常容易。本文调查了目前在保存和验证敏感在线内容的内容完整性过程中采用的不同方法。我们以数字古兰经为例，介绍了内容完整性验证的最新技术，并解决了在保持敏感文本完整性方面的现有挑战。拟议的分类法提供了对现有相关方案及其局限性的有效分类和分析。本文讨论了将这些方法应用于数字内容完整性时预期效率的建议。一些主要发现表明，加水印和字符串匹配方法的统一方法可用于维护任何敏感数字内容的内容完整性。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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