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Syntactic based approach for grammar question retrieval

机译：基于句法的语法问题检索方法

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摘要

With the popularity of online educational platforms, English learners can learn and practice no matter where they are and what they do. English grammar is one of the important components in learning English. To learn English grammar effectively, it requires students to practice questions containing focused grammar knowledge. In this paper, we study a novel problem of retrieving English grammar questions with similar grammatical focus. Since the grammatical focus similarity is different from textual similarity or sentence syntactic similarity, existing approaches cannot be applied directly to our problem. To address this problem, we propose a syntactic based approach for English grammar question retrieval which can retrieve related grammar questions with similar grammatical focus effectively. In the proposed syntactic based approach, we first propose a new syntactic tree, namely parse-key tree, to capture English grammar questions’ grammatical focus. Next, we propose two kernel functions, namely relaxed tree kernel and part-of-speech order kernel, to compute the similarity between two parse-key trees of the query and grammar questions in the collection. Then, the retrieved grammar questions are ranked according to the similarity between the parse-key trees. In addition, if a query is submitted together with answer choices, conceptual similarity and textual similarity are also incorporated to further improve the retrieval accuracy. The performance results have shown that our proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods based on statistical analysis and syntactic analysis.
机译：随着在线教育平台的普及，英语学习者无论身在何处，做什么都可以学习和练习。英语语法是学习英语的重要组成部分之一。为了有效地学习英语语法，它要求学生练习一些包含重点语法知识的问题。在本文中，我们研究了一个具有相似语法重点的检索英语语法问题的新问题。由于语法焦点相似度不同于文本相似度或句子句法相似度，因此现有方法无法直接应用于我们的问题。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种基于句法的英语语法问题检索方法，该方法可以有效地检索具有相似语法焦点的相关语法问题。在提出的基于句法的方法中，我们首先提出一种新的句法树，即“分析键树”，以捕获英语语法问题的语法焦点。接下来，我们提出两个核函数，即松弛树核和词性阶数核，以计算集合中查询和语法问题的两个解析键树之间的相似度。然后，根据解析关键字树之间的相似性对检索到的语法问题进行排序。另外，如果将查询与答案选项一起提交，则概念相似度和文本相似度也将被合并以进一步提高检索准确性。性能结果表明，我们提出的方法优于基于统计分析和句法分析的最新方法。

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