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The Contemporary Appeal of Artificial Companions: Social Robots as Vehicles to Cultural Worlds of Experience

机译：人工伴侣的当代诉求：社交机器人作为体验文化世界的工具

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"Universal projection" is the term Thomas Luckmann uses to denote man's innate capacity to project his own "living body" onto everything he encounters in the world, and Luckmann lists a number of qualities that cancel the projection. For example, the lack of perceptible transformations on the outside of an object is perceived as an indication of the absence of a responsive inside. This list can serve as a how-not-to guide to building that piece of advanced technology known nowadays as an "artificial companion." Drawing the border of the social world alongside that of the human world-which is typical of Western modernity-is not an ontological given but rather an evolutionary outcome, that is, a result of social construction. The de-socialization of large parts of the life-world leads to its de-animation, which is closely linked to the emergence and organization of a separate religious symbolic reality. The tendency to endow objects with qualities reminiscent of living subjects contrasts markedly with this. The possibility of programming advanced machines in accordance with one's own wishes, and machines' "ability to learn," appear to play an important role in the ascription process. Social scientists recognize one of the origins of this development in the meta-process of individualization. From a psychoanalytical perspective, modern Westerners are suffering from relationship fatigue. This fatigue prompts us to endeavor to substitute human relationships with relationships with "nonhumans." Mediatized communication practices are seen to have a supportive effect in this regard. The article discusses some of these interpretations and contrasts them with an alternative hypothesis on the appeal of artificial companions.
机译：“通用投影”是托马斯·拉克曼（Thomas Luckmann）用来表示人将天生的“生命体”投射到他所遇到的一切事物上的天生能力，而拉克曼列出了许多取消投影的特质。例如，对象外部缺少可感知的变换被视为内部没有响应的指示。该清单可以作为构建该先进技术的“不怎么做”指南，如今被称为“人造伴侣”。将社会世界的边界与人类世界的边界并拢（这是西方现代性的典型特征），它并不是一种本体论的给出，而是一种进化的结果，即社会建构的结果。生活世界大部分地区的去社会化导致其去动画化，这与一个独立的宗教象征现实的出现和组织紧密相关。赋予物体具有使人联想到生活对象的品质的趋势与此形成鲜明对比。根据自己的意愿对高级机器进行编程的可能性以及机器的“学习能力”似乎在归属过程中起着重要作用。社会科学家认识到这种发展的起源之一是个体化的元过程。从心理分析的角度来看，现代西方人正遭受关系疲劳的困扰。这种疲劳促使我们努力用“非人类”的关系代替人类的关系。在这方面，中介化的交流实践被认为具有支持作用。本文讨论了其中的一些解释，并将它们与关于人工陪伴者吸引力的另一种假设进行了对比。

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