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Carsharing business models in Germany: characteristics, success and future prospects

机译：德国的汽车共享商业模式：特征，成功和未来前景

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摘要

Carsharing provides an alternative to private car ownership by allowing car use temporarily on an on-demand basis. Operators provide carsharing services using different business models and ownership structures. We distinguish between cooperative, business-to-consumer (B2C) roundtrip and one-way, as well as peer-to-peer (P2P) carsharing. This paper characterizes these different types of business models and compares their success in terms of diffusion using a comprehensive database of all 101 German carsharing providers in 2016. The key result holds that fleet size is significantly different across business models ranging from a few cars (cooperatives in small towns), to a few hundred (B2C roundtrip in larger cities), to over a thousand (B2C one-way in largest cities), up to multiple thousands (P2P across the country). By analyzing for each operator the number of cars per capita in the city they operate in, we do not find significant differences across business models indicating the viability of each separate business model type. Hence, we conclude that business models will continue to co-exist for a while, although some of the business models may well converge in the longer run due to Internet-of-Things applications and the introduction of self-driving cars.
机译：通过允许按需临时使用汽车，汽车共享提供了私家车替代的选择。运营商使用不同的业务模型和所有权结构提供汽车共享服务。我们区分了合作，企业对消费者（B2C）往返和单向以及对等（P2P）汽车共享。本文对这些不同类型的商业模式进行了表征，并使用2016年所有101个德国汽车共享提供商的综合数据库，对它们在扩散方面的成功进行了比较。主要结果认为，在不同汽车模型（合作社）之间，车队规模差异很大在小城镇中），到数百（在大城市中为B2C往返），到一千（在大城市中为B2C单向），再到数千（在全国范围内为P2P）。通过分析每个运营商在其经营城市中的人均汽车数量，我们发现各业务模型之间没有显着差异，表明每种单独业务模型类型的可行性。因此，我们得出的结论是，尽管由于物联网应用程序和无人驾驶汽车的引入，从长远来看，某些商业模式可能会很好地融合在一起，但商业模式将继续存在一段时间。

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