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Mitigating Traffic Congestion: The Role of Intelligent Transportation Systems

机译：减轻交通拥堵：智能交通系统的作用

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Despite massive investments in transportation infrastructure, traffic congestion remains a major societal and public policy problem. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have been proposed as a potential solution to this challenge, but their effectiveness has remained unclear in both research and practice. To understand whether and how ITS affect traffic congestion, we consolidate a unique longitudinal data set on road traffic and the deployment of a large federally supported ITS program in the United States-511 systems-in 99 urban areas between 1994 and 2014. The difference-in-differences estimates show that the adoption of 511 systems is associated with a significant decrease in traffic congestion, saving over $4.7 billion dollars and 175 million hours in travel time annually in U.S. cities. 511 systems also reduce about 53 million gallons of fossil fuel consumption and over 10 billion pounds of CO2 emissions. We offer two theoretical explanations for this effect: (i) ITS help individual commuters to make better travel decisions, and (ii) ITS help local governments to develop an urban traffic management capability. Empirical evidence supports the underlying theoretical mechanisms and shows that ITS help commuters to schedule travel more efficiently, choose better navigation routes, and optimize their work-trip transportation mode. Second, the effect of ITS is contingent on road supply and public transit services. We also find that the traffic-reducing effect of ITS is larger when commuters use more online services for traffic information and when state governments incorporate more functionalities into their 511 systems. This study contributes to the literature on IT capabilities, public-sector IT value, and the societal impact of IT, while also extending the transportation economics to IT-enabled traffic interventions. Finally, we inform policymakers of ITS as a cost-effective means to mitigating traffic congestion.
机译：尽管对运输基础设施进行了大规模的投资，但交通拥堵仍然是一个重大的社会和公共政策问题。智能交通系统（其）已被提议作为对此挑战的潜在解决方案，但在研究和实践中，它们的有效性仍不清楚。要了解是否以及如何影响交通拥堵，我们在道路交通上巩固了一个独特的纵向数据，并在1994年至2014年间，在美国-511系统中部署了大联盟支持其计划的计划。差异 - 差异估计表明，通过511系统的采用与交通拥堵的显着降低有关，在美国城市每年节省超过47亿美元和1.75亿小时。 511系统还减少了约5.3亿加仑的化石燃料消耗和超过10亿磅的二氧化碳排放量。我们为此提供了两个理论解释：（i）其帮助个人通勤者提高旅行决定，并（ii）其帮助地方政府发展城市交通管理能力。经验证据支持潜在的理论机制，并表明其帮助通勤者更有效地安排旅行，选择更好的导航路线，并优化其工作行程运输模式。其次，其效果取决于道路供应和公共交通服务。我们还发现，当通勤者使用更多在线服务的交通信息以及州政府将更多功能纳入其511系统时，其交通降低效果更大。这项研究有助于对IT能力，公共部门价值的文献，以及其对其的社会影响，同时还将运输经济学扩展到IT的流动干预。最后，我们为政策制定者提供了一种成本效益的减轻交通拥堵手段。

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