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Visfer: Camera-based visual data transfer for cross-device visualization

机译：Visfer：基于摄像机的可视数据传输，可实现跨设备可视化

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摘要

Going beyond the desktop to leverage novel devices-such as smartphones, tablets, or large displays-for visual sensemaking typically requires supporting extraneous operations for device discovery, interaction sharing, and view management. Such operations can be time-consuming and tedious and distract the user from the actual analysis. Embodied interaction models in these multi-device environments can take advantage of the natural interaction and physicality afforded by multimodal devices and help effectively carry out these operations in visual sensemaking. In this article, we present cross-device interaction models for visualization spaces, that are embodied in nature, by conducting a user study to elicit actions from participants that could trigger a portrayed effect of sharing visualizations (and therefore information) across devices. We then explore one common interaction style from this design elicitation called Visfer, a technique for effortlessly sharing visualizations across devices using the visual medium. More specifically, this technique involves taking pictures of visualizations, or rather the QR codes augmenting them, on a display using the built-in camera on a handheld device. Our contributions include a conceptual framework for cross-device interaction and the Visfer technique itself, as well as transformation guidelines to exploit the capabilities of each specific device and a web framework for encoding visualization components into animated QR codes, which capture multiple frames of QR codes to embed more information. Beyond this, we also present the results from a performance evaluation for the visual data transfer enabled by Visfer. We end the article by presenting the application examples of our Visfer framework.
机译：超越台式机以利用新型设备（例如智能手机，平板电脑或大型显示器）进行视觉感知通常需要支持用于设备发现，交互共享和视图管理的无关操作。这样的操作可能是耗时且乏味的，并且使用户无法进行实际分析。这些多设备环境中的具体交互模型可以利用多模式设备提供的自然交互和物理特性，并帮助在视觉感知中有效地执行这些操作。在本文中，我们通过进行用户研究来从参与者那里引起可能触发跨设备共享可视化（以及信息）的刻画效果的用户研究，展示了自然界中体现的可视化空间的跨设备交互模型。然后，我们从这种设计启发中探索一种常见的交互样式，称为Visfer，该技术可使用可视介质轻松地在设备之间共享可视化效果。更具体地说，该技术涉及使用手持设备上的内置摄像头在显示器上拍摄可视化的图片，或者是增强它们的QR码。我们的贡献包括跨设备交互的概念框架和Visfer技术本身，以及利用每个特定设备功能的转换指南，以及将可视化组件编码为动画QR码的Web框架，可捕获多个QR码帧嵌入更多信息。除此之外，我们还介绍了由Visfer启用的可视数据传输的性能评估结果。我们通过介绍Visfer框架的应用示例来结束本文。

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