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Visualizing offscreen elements of node-link diagrams

机译：可视化节点链接图的屏幕外元素

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摘要

Visual representations of node-link diagrams are very important for the software development process. In many situations, large diagrams have to be explored, whereby diagram elements of interest are often clipped from the viewport and are therefore not visible. Thus, in state-of-the-art modeling tools, navigation is accompanied by time-consuming panning and zooming. One solution to this problem is offscreen visualization techniques. Usually, they indicate the existence and direction of clipped elements by overlays at the border of the viewport. In this article, we contribute the application of offscreen visualization techniques to the domain of node-link diagrams in general and to Unified Modeling Language class diagrams in particular. The basic idea of our approach is to represent offscreen nodes by proxy elements located within an interactive border region around the viewport. The proxies show information of the associated offscreen nodes and can be used to quickly navigate to the respective node. In addition, we contribute techniques that preserve the routing of edges during panning and zooming and present strategies to make our approach scalable to large diagrams. We conducted a formative pilot study of our first prototype. Based on the observations made during the evaluation, we suggest how particular techniques should be combined. Finally, we ran a user evaluation to compare our technique with a traditional zoom + pan interface. The results showed that our approach is significantly faster for exploring relationships within diagrams than state-of-the-art interfaces. We also found that the offscreen visualization combined with an additional overview window did not improve the orientation within an unknown diagram. However, an overview should be offered as a cognitive support.
机译：节点链接图的可视化表示对于软件开发过程非常重要。在许多情况下，必须探索大型图，从而通常从视口中剪切出感兴趣的图元素，因此它们是不可见的。因此，在最新的建模工具中，导航伴随着耗时的平移和缩放。解决此问题的一种方法是屏幕外可视化技术。通常，它们通过视口边界处的叠加来指示裁剪元素的存在和方向。在本文中，我们通常将屏幕外可视化技术的应用应用于节点链接图的领域，尤其是对统一建模语言类图的应用。我们方法的基本思想是通过位于视口周围交互式边框区域内的代理元素来表示屏幕外节点。代理显示关联的屏幕外节点的信息，并可用于快速导航到相应的节点。此外，我们提供了在平移和缩放过程中保留边缘路由的技术，并提出了使我们的方法可扩展到大型图的策略。我们对第一个原型进行了形成性的初步研究。根据评估期间的观察，我们建议应如何组合特定技术。最后，我们进行了用户评估，以将我们的技术与传统的缩放+平移界面进行比较。结果表明，与最先进的接口相比，我们的方法在图内探索关系的速度明显更快。我们还发现，屏幕外可视化与其他概览窗口的结合并不能改善未知图中的方向。但是，应提供概述作为认知支持。

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