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Animal Agency

机译：动物局

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摘要

Are animals agents? This question demands a prior answer to the question of what an agent is. The paper argues that we ought not to think of this as merely a matter of choosing from a range of alternative definitional stipulations. Evidence from developmental psychology is offered in support of the view that a basic concept of agency is a very early natural acquisition, which is established prior to the development of any full-blown propositional attitude concepts. Then it is argued that whatever one makes of the developmental evidence, it is in any case arguable on other grounds that the concept of agency as we have it in adulthood remains perfectly comprehensible independently of any reference to the more sophisticated propositional attitudes. Any reluctance we might feel to ascribe such things as beliefs to non-human animals, therefore, need not stand in the way of the claim that they are agents, nevertheless. The paper attempts to characterise the core of this basic agency concept, and discusses, albeit briefly, the question how we ought to decide which animals are to be thought of as falling under it. It concludes with some speculations about the nature of the intellectual currents which have made the shape of this important concept so hard for us to discern.
机译：是动物代理商吗？这个问题要求对代理人是什么的问题有事先的答案。本文认为，我们不应该将其仅仅视为从一系列替代性定义规定中进行选择的问题。提供了来自发展心理学的证据，以支持以下观点：代理的基本概念是非常自然的早期获得，它是在发展任何成熟的命题态度概念之前建立的。然后有人认为，不管有什么发展证据，在任何情况下都可以基于其他理由而争论，无论成年时我们拥有代理的概念如何，都可以完全理解，而与任何较复杂的命题态度无关。因此，我们可能不愿将诸如信仰之类的东西归因于非人类动物，但也不必阻止它们是代理的说法。本文试图描述这一基本代理概念的核心，并简短地讨论了一个问题，即我们应该如何确定应该考虑哪些动物。它以对知识流本质的一些推测作为结束，这些思想流使得我们很难辨认这个重要概念的形状。

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  • 来源
    《Inquiry》 |2009年第3期|217-231|共15页
  • 作者

    HELEN STEWARD;

  • 作者单位

    Dept. of Philosophy, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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