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Smart sensing and smart material for smart automotive damping

机译：用于智能汽车减震的智能感应和智能材料

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摘要

Dampers represent the main component in different vibration control systems, such as vehicle suspension systems, landing gear systems, ship isolator systems, seismic protection, and cable-stayed bridges. Thus, great interest has been devoted to the development of new materials and manufacturing technologies that will improve damping performance in terms of force range, time response, life-time, and cost. One of the most interesting solutions is represented by Magneto-rheological fluids (MRFs), which are suspensions of magnetically responsive particles in a liquid carrier. The Magneto-rheological (MR) effect is observed as a significant change of the yielding shear, continuously controlled by the magnitude of applied magnetic fields. MRFs are able to change from a free-flowing liquid state (namely off-state) into a semi-solid condition with restricted fluid movement (namely on-state) when exposed to an external magnetic field. Thanks to the inherent advantages, such as contact fluid control without moving parts, large force capacity (50 kPa or more at low voltage and modest electric current), simple interfaces between electronic controls, and mechanical devices with rapid response (a few milliseconds), MRF technology has been exploited [1] for the manufacture of MRF dampers (Fig. 1) included in some commercial automotive solutions during the past decade.
机译：阻尼器是不同振动控制系统的主要组成部分，例如车辆悬架系统，起落架系统，船舶隔离器系统，地震防护系统和斜拉桥。因此，人们对新型材料和制造技术的开发投入了极大的兴趣，这些材料和技术将在力范围，时间响应，寿命和成本方面提高阻尼性能。磁流变流体（MRF）是最有趣的解决方案之一，它是磁响应颗粒在液体载体中的悬浮液。磁流变（MR）效应是屈服剪切的显着变化，受施加磁场的大小连续控制。当暴露于外部磁场时，MRF能够从自由流动的液态（即关闭状态）变为半固态，并且流体的移动受到限制（即处于开启状态）。得益于其固有的优势，例如无需移动部件的接触液控制，大的承受力（低压和适度电流下50 kPa或更高），电子控件之间的简单接口以及具有快速响应（几毫秒）的机械设备，在过去的十年中，已经将MRF技术[1]用于制造一些商用汽车解决方案中所包含的MRF减震器（图1）。

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