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Toward a Methodology for Assessing Electric Vehicle Exterior Sounds

机译：走向评估电动汽车外部声音的方法

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摘要

Laws mandate that electric vehicles emit sounds to ensure pedestrians' safety by alerting pedestrians of the vehicles' approach. Additionally, manufacturers want these sounds to promote positive impressions of the vehicle brand. A reliable and valid methodology is needed to evaluate electric vehicles' exterior sounds. To help develop such a methodology, this paper examines automotive exterior sound evaluation methods in the context of experimental design and cognitive psychology. Currently, such evaluations are usually conducted on road or inside a laboratory; however, a virtual environment provides advantages of both these methods but none of their limitations. The stimuli selected for evaluations must satisfy legislative guidelines. Methods for presenting and measuring the stimuli can affect study outcomes. A methodology is proposed for conducting evaluations of an electric vehicle's exterior sounds, testing its detectability and emotional evaluation. An experiment tested the methodology. Thirty-one participants evaluated an electric car in a virtual environment of a town's T-junction with 15 exterior sounds as stimuli. The car's arrival time, direction of approach, and, thus, distance to pedestrian varied across conditions. Detection time of the sound and pleasantness and powerfulness evaluations of the car were recorded. The vehicle's arrival time and approach direction affected its detectability and emotional evaluation; thus, these are important elements to vary and control in studies. Overall, the proposed methodology increases the realistic context and experimental control than in existing listening evaluations. It benefits by combining two competing elements necessary for assessing electric vehicle exterior sounds, namely, pedestrians' safety and impressions of the vehicle brand.
机译：法律要求电动汽车发出声音，通过提醒行人车辆驶近来确保行人安全。此外，制造商希望这些声音能提升汽车品牌的正面印象。需要一种可靠且有效的方法来评估电动汽车的外部声音。为了帮助开发这种方法，本文在实验设计和认知心理学的背景下研究了汽车外部声音评估方法。目前，此类评估通常在道路上或实验室内部进行；但是，虚拟环境提供了这两种方法的优点，但没有任何局限性。选择用于评估的刺激必须符合立法准则。呈现和测量刺激的方法可能会影响研究结果。提出了一种方法，用于对电动汽车的外部声音进行评估，测试其可检测性和情感评估。实验测试了该方法。 31名参与者在15个外部声音作为刺激的情况下，在小镇T型路口的虚拟环境中评估了电动汽车。汽车的到达时间，进近方向以及与行人的距离因条件而异。记录声音的检测时间以及汽车的悦耳性和动力性评估。车辆的到达时间和进近方向会影响其可检测性和情感评估。因此，这些是改变和控制研究的重要要素。总体而言，与现有的听觉评估相比，所提出的方法增加了现实环境和实验控制。它结合了评估电动汽车外观声音所必需的两个竞争要素，即行人的安全性和对汽车品牌的印象。

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