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ATLANTIS AND THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE

机译：亚特兰蒂斯与科学史

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Most critical studies on the history of the so-called myth of Atlantis largely overlook the hypotheses formulated by a large number of often eminent people in the period between the discovery of America and the formulation of the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin. In general terms, the problem is first addressed in the book Atlantis : The Antediluvian World (1882) by American politician Ignatius Donnelly, who describes the entire 'Atlantis question' as a story " made exclusively of fantasies, occult ranting, paranormal visions, pseudo-scientific hypotheses, but no authentic fact ". The reasons for this stance are well known. Indeed, historians are well aware that scholars in disciplines ranging from physics to geology and from biology to geography, " do not have much interest for the strange ways in which the problems they work on were initially formulated. In the vast majority of cases, they do not discuss the ways in which their specialties were formed. Much more simply, they move from it, assuming it as their point of departure". For this reason, as Jacques Roger has written, history is often " evaluated and interpreted in light of a future unknown to it which, however, multiplies the risk of misunderstandings ". Studies on the topic of Atlantis are no exception in this sense.
机译：关于所谓的亚特兰蒂斯神话历史的大多数批判性研究在很大程度上忽视了在美国发现与查尔斯·达尔文提出进化论之间的时期内，许多著名人士提出的假设。一般而言，该问题首先在美国政治家伊格纳修斯·唐纳利（Ignatius Donnelly）的《亚特兰蒂斯：安第卢维世界》（1882）一书中得到了解决，该书将整个“亚特兰蒂斯问题”描述为一个故事，该故事“完全是由幻想，神秘主义，超自然现象，伪造而成的” -科学的假设，但没有真实的事实”。采取这种立场的原因是众所周知的。确实，历史学家很清楚，从物理学到地质学，从生物学到地理学的学科领域的学者，“对于最初提出解决问题的奇怪方法都没有太大的兴趣。在大多数情况下，他们不讨论其专业的形成方式。更简单地说，他们以专业为出发点而从其出发”。因此，正如雅克·罗杰（Jacques Roger）所写的那样，历史常常是“根据未知的未来来评估和解释的，然而，这会增加误解的风险”。从这个意义上讲，对亚特兰蒂斯主题的研究也不例外。

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