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North Korea: Building the Institutions to Raise Living Standards

机译：朝鲜：建立提高生活水平的机构

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摘要

This paper examines the nature of the economic failure that has brought North Korea such low living standards, and considers how the economic system might be reformed to facilitate a return to overall growth in both aggregate income (GDP) and general living standards. The focus is on institutional aspects of the needed reforms, emphasising the importance of building on existing institutions and practices wherever possible, rather than starting from scratch from a tabula rasa. Food supplies, the large military establishment, and the astonishing failure to adapt to the trade shock resulting from the collapse of the USSR are reviewed in detail, and potential lessons are explored from EU enlargement, German reunification and the very messy Russian transition. In proposing reforms, the paper is pragmatic and flexible, prioritising measures to improve food supplies while also emphasising a wide range of local, experimental and decentralised reforms that surely have greater chance of success than a top-down approach.
机译：本文考察了导致朝鲜生活水平低下的经济失败的本质，并考虑了如何改革经济体系以促进总收入（GDP）和总体生活水平的总体增长的恢复。重点是需要进行的改革的体制方面，强调在可能的情况下建立在现有体制和实践上的重要性，而不是从制表法的白手起家。详细审查了粮食供应，庞大的军事机构以及苏联解体导致的惊人的失败，无法适应贸易冲击，并从欧盟扩大，德国统一和俄罗斯非常混乱的过渡中探索了潜在的教训。在提出改革建议时，该论文务实而灵活，优先考虑改善食品供应的措施，同时强调了一系列自上而下的改革成功的机会。

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