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首页> 外文期刊>The International History Review >The Geopolitics of Literature: the Shifting International Theme in the Works of Henry James
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The Geopolitics of Literature: the Shifting International Theme in the Works of Henry James

机译：文学的地缘政治：亨利·詹姆斯作品中不断变化的国际主题

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This article demonstrates how changes in Henry James' handling of the international theme, that is Europeans and Americans compared, can be correlated to alterations in the international position of the United States itself. It argues that, whereas in his novels and stories of the 1870s/early 1880s (Roderick Hudson, Daisy Miller, The American, The Europeans, Portrait of a Lady), it is the Americans who are generally the innocents and victims (albeit sometimes victims of deracinated, cosmopolitan, Europeanized Americans), when James returned to that theme on a major level in the early 1900s (The Ambassadors, Wings of the Dove, Golden Bowl), in many ways one can argue it is now the Europeans or Europeanized Americans who are the victims of the Americans. This change can be correlated with James' own perceptions of the growing international power of the US, as shown in the Venezuela crisis and the Spanish-American War, and his comments on the wealth of Americans, including such wealthy J P Morgan-style collectors as Adam Verver in The Golden Bowl. Although one rarely thinks of James as a political novelist, in reality at this time he commented extensively on the changing international scene, particularly in correspondence with his brother William, the pragmatist philosopher, who was a strong anti-imperialist and spoke out vigorously against American policies. The article ends by commenting on James' final, including his unfinished works, written after he visited the US in 1904-5. It also highlights some resonances with James' own life, particularly in terms of the cosmopolitan American expatriates (some admirable, some quite the reverse) who feature so largely in his novels. Fleeing to Europe was in some ways an escape for him, distancing him from family pressures to settle down and marry, and perhaps from a family and milieu that, however much he loved them, he found stifling and suffocating. Europe, by contrast, gave him not just the artistic material he needed, but also a refuge where he could live a life he found far more congenial. Again, one can argue that, in his later novels, the expatriates are now largely victims rather than the villains they have often rather spectacularly been in earlier works. It is the Americans, armoured in wealth and innocence, who are now by far the more dangerous protagonists.View full textDownload full textKeywordsHenry James; transatlantic relations; ImperialismRelated var addthis_config = { ui_cobrand: "Taylor & Francis Online", services_compact: "citeulike,netvibes,twitter,technorati,delicious,linkedin,facebook,stumbleupon,digg,google,more", pubid: "ra-4dff56cd6bb1830b" }; Add to shortlist Link Permalink http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2012.668337
机译：本文展示了亨利·詹姆斯处理国际主题（即与欧洲人和美国人进行比较）的变化如何与美国自身国际地位的变化相关联。它认为，尽管在他的1870年代/ 1880年代早期的小说和故事中（罗德里克·哈德森，黛西·米勒，《美国人》，《欧洲人》，《淑女画像》），通常是美国人是无辜者和受害者（尽管有时是受害者）是在1900年代初期詹姆斯（James）重返该主题时（大使，鸽子之翼，金碗），从许多方面可以说现在是欧洲人或欧洲化的美国人他们是美国人的受害者。这种变化可以与詹姆斯对委内瑞拉危机和西班牙裔美国人战争中美国日益增长的国际力量的看法以及他对美国人的财富的评论有关，其中包括像摩根大通这样富有的收藏家，例如亚当·弗弗（Adam Verver）在《金碗》中。尽管很少有人认为詹姆斯是一位政治小说家，但实际上他此时在不断变化的国际舞台上发表了广泛的评论，特别是与他的兄弟威廉·实用主义哲学家的往来书信，他是一个强大的反帝国主义者，并大力反对美国。政策。文章最后评论了詹姆斯的决赛，包括他1904-5年访问美国后写的未完成的作品。它还突出了对詹姆斯​​本人生活的一些共鸣，特别是在国际化的美国侨民（有些令人钦佩，有些则恰恰相反）方面，他的小说中如此突出。逃离欧洲从某种程度上来说是他的逃脱，使他摆脱了家庭安顿下来和结婚的压力，也许远离了一个家庭和环境，尽管他多么爱他们，但他却窒息而窒息。相比之下，欧洲不仅为他提供了他所需要的艺术材料，而且还为他提供了一个避难所，让他过上他发现自己更友善的生活。再一次，可以辩称，在他后来的小说中，外籍人士现在主要是受害者，而不是他们在早期作品中经常表现得非常出色的恶棍。如今，富裕和纯真的美国人已经成为更加危险的主角。查看全文下载全文关键字亨利·詹姆斯；跨大西洋关系； ImperialismRelated var addthis_config = {ui_cobrand：“泰勒和弗朗西斯在线”，servicescompact：“ citlikelike，netvibes，twitter，technorati，delicious，linkedin，facebook，stumbleupon，digg，google，更多”，发布号：“ ra-4dff56cd6bb1830b”};添加到候选列表链接永久链接http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2012.668337

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