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A CRITICAL REVIEW OF DAM ANALYSIS METHODOLOGIES

机译：对DAM分析方法学的批判性回顾

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Dams in many countries including India were primarily designed on the basis of approximate hand calculation based method. A frequent occurrence of floods due to a failure of such dams and embankments clearly points to the need of a review of the procedure of dam analysis methodologies and to suggest a reasonably accurate one. The paper is a limited effort for the same, based on three Indian dams. As a very preliminary step of the whole plan of checking the safety of Indian dams, an analysis of three dams having similar features as that of Chirpatia Dam (Rajasthan), an earthen embankment dam, Koyna Dam (Maharastra), a concrete gravity dam and the earthen embankment surrounding Ash Pond of Bakreswar Thermal Power Project (West Bengal), have been carried out with the help of two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element discretisation under static loading conditions. The result is then compared with the corresponding results obtained from a conventional hand calculation based on approximate gravity method of analysis. The comparison of the results exhibited a considerable increase in compressive stresses in two-dimensional finite element analysis with respect to what is obtained in the conventional hand calculation based approximate gravity method. Both of these methods considered an in-plane stress distribution along a cross-section of the dam and hence, could not recognize any possibility of stress generation perpendicular to the cross-section. In this context, a three-dimensional study reveals that considerable stresses may generate even in the longitudinal direction of a dam that is generally ignored in hand calculation based gravity method of analysis and two-dimensional analysis due to the assumption of the two-dimensional nature of the problem. A rigorous finite element analysis also shows that even tensile stress may generate under static loading conditions which can hardly be predicted from the conventional method. It is also observed that hand calculation based on slip-circle method and two-dimensional analysis cannot adequately recognize the possibility of shear failure at many points in the body of the dam though their vulnerability due to itself and so it is necessary to point out by a rigorous three-dimensional modeling and analysis. Thus, the study suggests the unavoidable necessity of three-dimensional analysis for a safe design of dams.
机译：在包括印度在内的许多国家中，水坝的设计主要基于基于近似人工计算的方法。由于此类水坝和堤防的失败而频繁发生的洪灾显然表明，有必要对水坝分析方法的程序进行审查，并提出合理准确的建议。该文件是基于三个印度水坝的有限努力。作为检查印度大坝安全的整个计划的非常初步的步骤，分析了三个具有与Chirpatia大坝（拉贾斯坦邦），土质堤坝，Koyna大坝（Maharastra），混凝土重力大坝和Bakreswar火力发电项目（西孟加拉邦）Ash Pond周围的土堤，是在静态载荷条件下借助二维和三维有限元离散化方法进行的。然后将结果与从基于近似重力分析法的常规手动计算获得的相应结果进行比较。结果的比较表明，相对于传统的基于手动计算的近似重力法，二维有限元分析中的压缩应力显着增加。这两种方法都考虑了沿大坝横截面的面内应力分布，因此无法识别出垂直于横截面产生应力的任何可能性。在这种情况下，一项三维研究表明，即使在大坝的纵向上也会产生相当大的应力，由于基于二维性质的假设，在基于手计算的重力分析和二维分析方法中通常会忽略这些应力。问题。严格的有限元分析还显示，在静态载荷条件下甚至可能会产生拉伸应力，这是传统方法很难预测的。还可以观察到，基于滑移圆盘法和二维分析的手计算虽然由于其自身的脆弱性而不能充分认识到坝体许多点的剪切破坏的可能性，所以有必要指出严格的三维建模和分析。因此，这项研究表明，对大坝的安全设计必须进行三维分析。

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