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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of design & nature and ecodynamics >THE MATURE STOMATOGNATHIC SYSTEM IS A COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM
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THE MATURE STOMATOGNATHIC SYSTEM IS A COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM

机译：成熟的气胸系统是一个复杂的适应系统

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摘要

During development, the teeth, jaws and facial structures emerge in a process that has the characteristics of a complex adaptive system (CAS). The outcome is the mature stomatognathic system which is an interactive network of teeth, their occlusion and supporting mechanisms, the upper and lower jaws, the temporomandibu-lar (jaw) joints, the muscles, the blood and nerve supplies, and the salivary glands. The aim of this paper is to explore whether this mature network also demonstrates the characteristics of a CAS. This network is a carefully balanced mechanism with functions required throughout the lifespan of the individual. It is exposed to a series of mechanical and chemical environmental challenges. Tooth wear is an example of the impact of such challenges, resulting in loss of surface enamel and dentine. The response is spread through the network: repara-tive secondary dentine occurs on the inner pulpal walls of the tooth; secondary cementum is formed and bone remodelling occurs in the suspensory mechanism; and the masticatory pattern of dental occlusion adapt under neuromuscular control. These adaptive changes arise from interactions at molecular and cellular levels. They are evidence of ongoing emergence and robustness in the network as it functions. Considering these changes to be positive responses that enable both maintenance of function and adaptation to age changes in the component parts of the network, represents a paradigm shift. It has major implications for oral health teaching and clinical practice. Attempting to restore teeth to the size and detailed cuspal shape, they showed when they first erupted is not only unnecessary for late adult function but can also place excessive loads on other subnetworks such as on the jaw joints and muscles. Thus, appreciating that both the developmental and mature stomatognathic networks are CAS establishes their value as exemplars for biological systems in general and has important implications for enhancing health care.
机译：在开发过程中，牙齿，颌骨和面部结构会以具有复杂自适应系统（CAS）特征的过程出现。结果是成熟的口腔颌位系统，该系统是牙齿，它们的咬合和支撑机制，上下颌，颞下颌（下颌）关节，肌肉，血液和神经供应以及唾液腺的相互作用网络。本文的目的是探索这个成熟的网络是否也证明了CAS的特性。该网络是一种精心平衡的机制，具有在个人整个生命周期中所需的功能。它面临着一系列机械和化学环境挑战。牙齿磨损是这种挑战的一个例子，导致表面搪瓷和牙本质的损失。响应通过网络传播：修复性第二牙本质发生在牙齿的内牙髓壁上。悬浮机制形成继发牙骨质并发生骨重塑；和咬合的咀嚼模式在神经肌肉控制下适应。这些适应性变化源于分子和细胞水平的相互作用。它们是网络正常运行时不断出现和健壮性的证据。将这些更改视为积极响应，既可以维持功能，又可以适应网络组成部分中的年龄变化，这代表了范式的转变。它对口腔健康教学和临床实践具有重要意义。他们试图恢复牙齿的大小和形状，使之初次萌出时不仅对成年后期的功能是不必要的，而且还会对其他子网络（如颌骨关节和肌肉）施加过多的负荷。因此，认识到发育和成熟的口吻网都是CAS，确立了它们作为一般生物系统的典范的价值，对加强卫生保健具有重要意义。

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