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Friction in nature

机译:自然界的摩擦

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摘要

Natural systems show efficient ways to minimise or maximise friction depending on the required function. Such a function is always achieved by a number of properties and mechanisms as no single solution exists in nature to tackle one problem. Nature shows solutions to provide ultra low friction in the case of lubricated systems, ultra high friction in the case of adhesives or in some cases even controlled adaptable friction performance. Frictional surfaces can be found on different scales in nature from a nanometre scale to a macro scale. From a wide variety of natural systems, synovial joints have probably attracted more research attention than other systems and this is fully justified as they are examples where an ideal synergy between the lubrication process and materials technology exists. Other examples include shark skin riblets providing drag reduction, hierarchical structures providing maximum adhesion or mucus and slime for an improved slip. In this contribution, a summary of natural frictional systems is presented. Several examples of the successful use of biomimicry for the manipulation of the interface to provide the desired functions are presented. Finally, directions of further exploitation of a biomimetic approach in tribology are discussed.
机译:天然系统显示出有效的方法,可以根据所需的功能将摩擦最小化或最大化。这种功能总是通过许多特性和机制来实现的,因为自然界中没有单一的解决方案可以解决一个问题。 《自然》杂志展示了在润滑系统中提供超低摩擦,在胶粘剂中甚至在某些情况下甚至可控制的适应性摩擦性能的超低摩擦解决方案。在自然界中可以发现不同尺度的摩擦表面,从纳米尺度到宏观尺度。从各种各样的自然系统中,滑膜关节可能比其他系统吸引了更多的研究注意力,这是充分合理的,因为它们是润滑过程和材料技术之间存在理想协同作用的例子。其他示例包括提供减阻作用的鲨鱼皮肋骨,提供最大附着力或粘液和粘液的分层结构,以改善滑动性。在此贡献中,介绍了自然摩擦系统的摘要。介绍了成功使用仿生学来操纵界面以提供所需功能的几个示例。最后,讨论了在摩擦学中进一步开发仿生方法的方向。

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