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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of electrical power and energy systems >Bidirectional smart charging of electric vehicles considering user preferences, peer to peer energy trade, and provision of grid ancillary services
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Bidirectional smart charging of electric vehicles considering user preferences, peer to peer energy trade, and provision of grid ancillary services

机译：考虑用户偏好，对等能源交易的双向智能充电，以及提供电网辅助服务

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摘要

Electric vehicles (EVs) are witnessing increased utilization throughout the world as an alternative to fossil-fueled vehicles. The extensive deployment of EVs can bring challenges to the grid if not properly integrated. Such challenges, however, could be exploited as opportunities if the huge unused capacity of the battery storage in millions of EVs are utilized for ancillary services to the grid and peer-to-peer (PtP) energy trade. Given that there is at least one human user per vehicle, human input must be considered to improve the scheduling process. To that end, this paper presents a new algorithm for bidirectional smart charging of EVs considering user preferences, PtP energy trade, and provision of ancillary services to the grid. The preferences of an EV user as input to the model are embedded into the scheduling process enabling the model to be adaptive to various conditions. Optimization slack variables are utilized for optimal management of EV battery SOC and energy allocation for multiple services. New indices are developed and introduced for quantification of the EV participation in ancillary services and PtP transactions. Real-world data has been collected and utilized for model specification and simulation to make the assumptions more realistic. The efficacy and feasibility of the proposed model are validated using numerical studies. The results indicate that incorporating users' preferences into the scheduling process would improve the aggregated revenue generated by the EV scheduling model which in turn could offset the charging costs by up to 100%. Further, an increase of about 90% in peer-to-peer energy transactions among EVs and 11% in ancillary services provision to the grid are achieved through the developed user-centric smart charging model.
机译：电动汽车（EVS）目睹全世界的利用率提高，作为化石燃料车辆的替代品。如果没有正确整合，EVS的广泛部署可能会给网格带来挑战。然而，这种挑战可以被利用为机会，如果在数百万eV的电池存储的巨大未使用能力用于网格和对等（PTP）能量交易中的辅助服务。鉴于每辆车至少有一个人类用户，必须考虑人类投入来改善调度过程。为此，本文介绍了EVS的双向智能充电算法，考虑到用户偏好，PTP能量交易和向网格提供辅助服务。作为模型的输入的EV用户的偏好嵌入到调度过程中，使模型能够自适应到各种条件。优化松弛变量用于EV电池SOC和能量分配的最佳管理，用于多种服务。开发并介绍了对辅助服务和PTP交易的评估进行了新的指标。已经收集了现实数据，用于模型规范和模拟，以使假设更加现实。使用数值研究验证所提出的模型的功效和可行性。结果表明，将用户的偏好结合到调度过程将改善EV调度模型生成的聚合收入，反过来可以将收费成本抵消高达100％。此外，通过开发的用户以用户为中心的智能充电模型，实现了在EVS和11％的对等能源交易中的约90％的增加约90％。

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