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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of environmental analytical chemistry >Development and validation of a new direct sampling method for coarse mono- and mixed waste fractions bound in bales
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Development and validation of a new direct sampling method for coarse mono- and mixed waste fractions bound in bales

机译：开发并验证了一种新的直接采样方法，用于对捆扎中的粗粒单质和混合废料进行分析

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Sampling of coarse waste materials is considered to be a particularly challenging task and is at the same time the most crucial step in the overall data acquisition process. Despite this fact, research work on new sampling methods or new scientific approaches to sampling has been rather limited over the last decades. This paper focuses on a completely new sampling procedure for coarse two-dimensional materials similar to municipal solid waste or packaging plastics. The developed method is especially suitable for materials with particle sizes >100mm and is based on the press-and-drill method' introduced by researchers from Fachhochschule Nordhausen. The basic idea is to sample the material in its compressed form (e.g. as bales) with a drilling tool in order to gain increments. The study presented in this paper shows the results of two extensive test series applying this new sampling technique to a middle-calorific fraction produced from packaging material (mainly plastics, textiles and paper). In parallel, the state-of-the-art approach was also applied on the same materials to gain valuable reference data. Results from both approaches are used for the extensive validation of the new sampling method. The verification of accuracy was realised by doping the material with defined pieces of foil containing molybdenum sulphide (MoS2) which acted as a tracer in the bale. The results obtained by the new direct bale sampling showed not only good accordance with the actual tracer content in each bale but also with results derived from the state-of-the-art approach. In this study, homogeneously distributed parameters (e.g. loss of ignition) were included just as inhomogeneously distributed elements (i.e. Cu). It is shown that sufficient representativeness for coarse materials (d(95)>300mm) is obtained despite relatively small sample amounts and without previous comminution of the material.
机译：粗废料的采样被认为是一项特别具有挑战性的任务，同时也是整个数据采集过程中最关键的一步。尽管如此，在过去的几十年中，有关新的采样方法或新的科学采样方法的研究工作仍然十分有限。本文着重于对类似于城市固体废物或包装塑料的粗糙二维材料进行全新采样。这项开发的方法特别适用于粒径大于100mm的材料，并且基于Fachhochschule Nordhausen的研究人员介绍的“冲压钻孔法”。基本思想是使用钻孔工具以压缩形式（例如，成捆）对材料进行采样，以获取增量。本文介绍的研究显示了将这种新的采样技术应用于由包装材料（主要是塑料，纺织品和纸张）生产的中热分数的两个广泛测试系列的结果。同时，最先进的方法也应用于相同的材料，以获得有价值的参考数据。两种方法的结果均用于新采样方法的广泛验证。通过向材料中掺入规定的箔片（包含硫化钼（MoS2））来实现准确性验证，该箔片充当捆包中的示踪剂。通过新的直接棉包采样获得的结果不仅显示出与每个棉包中实际示踪剂含量的良好吻合，而且还与从最新技术方法中得出的结果相符。在这项研究中，均匀分布的参数（例如失火）被作为不均匀分布的元素（例如Cu）包括在内。结果表明，尽管样品量相对较小，并且没有事先粉碎材料，但对于粗糙材料（d（95）> 300mm）仍具有足够的代表性。

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