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Quantification of the heat transfer during the plasma arc re-melting of titanium alloys

机译：钛合金等离子弧重熔过程中的传热定量

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Highlights•Instrumented thermocouple trial in an industrial scale plasma arc furnace.•Inverse heat conduction analysis to determine plasma arc heat flux distribution.•Two Gaussian distributions to approximate convective and radiative heat flux.•Anisotropic thermal conductivity to reflect fluid flow occurring in the melt pool.AbstractThis paper summarizes the development and application of an Inverse Heat Conduction Code (IHCC) to determine the surface heat flux distribution from an industrial plasma torch applied to heat a sample of Ti-6wt%Al-4wt%V (Ti64) alloy. The test (trial) was conducted within an industrial scale plasma arc furnace and the sample was instrumented with 15 thermocouples embedded below the top surface. The sample was heated for 278 s, which allowed sufficient time for a liquid pool to form within the sample. Following the trial, the sample was sectioned to obtain the liquid pool profile. The IHCC analysis method described in the paper is based on the future time-step approach and uses the commercial finite element code ABAQUS™ as the forward conduction engine. The IHCC analysis was conducted with both isotropic thermal conductivity and anisotropic thermal conductive in the liquid. The later, was used to approximate the effect of fluid flow on heat transport in the liquid. Additionally, the method used linear interpolation to vary the estimated heat flux between the discrete heat flux evaluation points associated with the thermocouple positions. The results indicated that it is critical to account for fluid flow and suggest that the heat flux distribution can be accurately described by two over-lapping Gaussian distributions: one narrow distribution associated with convective heat transfer; and a second, broader distribution, associated with radiation. An overall heat transfer efficiency of 28% was estimated from the heat flux distribution.
机译： 突出显示 • 在工业规模的等离子电弧炉中进行热电偶的仪表测试。 • 反向导热分析，以确定等离子弧热通量分布。< / ce：para> • 两个高斯分布，以近似对流和辐射热通量。 • 各向异性热导率可反映流体的OCC 摘要 本文总结了反热传导代码（IHCC）的开发和应用，该代码确定了应用于工业等离子炬的表面热通量分布加热Ti-6wt％Al-4wt％V（Ti64）合金的样品。该测试（试验）在工业规模的等离子弧炉中进行，并且使用15个嵌入顶表面下方的热电偶对样品进行了测试。将样品加热278？s，这有足够的时间使样品中形成液池。试验后，将样品切片以获得液体池轮廓。本文中描述的IHCC分析方法基于未来的时间步长方法，并使用商业有限元代码ABAQUS™作为正向传导引擎。 IHCC分析是在液体中各向同性导热系数和各向异性导热系数的情况下进行的。后者用来近似估计流体流动对液体中的热传递的影响。另外，该方法使用线性插值来改变与热电偶位置相关的离散热通量评估点之间的估计热通量。结果表明，至关重要的是要考虑流体的流动，并建议通过两个重叠的高斯分布可以准确地描述热通量分布：一个与对流换热相关的狭窄分布；另一个与热交换相关的狭窄分布。第二，更广泛的分布与辐射有关。根据热通量分布，总传热效率估计为28％。

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