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Fluid dynamics and mass transfer at single droplets in liquid/liquid systems

机译：液/液系统中单个液滴的流体动力学和传质

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摘要

The design of contact apparatuses in which one liquid phase is dispersed into another is a challenging task with regard to fluid dynamics and mass transfer. To disentangle the complexity in these multiphase polydispersed systems with all their coupled mutual interactions, one first step towards a reliable prediction is to reduce the system to a single droplet problem, where a single droplet is moving in a quiescent ambient phase. Commonly, one is interested in the mass transfer coefficient (or Sherwood number) in case of the transfer of a soluble component, and the drop velocity of fall/rise. In order to save time and money, one objective is to predict the behaviour of a given system as reliable as possible to minimise the own experimental (and numerical) effort. However, although the issue is "only" to understand the single droplet, merely in a few basic cases analytical equations are available and applicable, and results based on CFD methods have to be judged with care. Additionally, in most cases experimental or numerical data for a given system may not be available at all, hence the practitioner has to select the best suitable empirical or semi-empirical approaches for the corresponding system which itself is a challenging task. This paper aims to help to make the required decisions and to enable the reader to characterise and confine a given extraction system regarding fluid dynamics and mass transfer. Thereto, a chart is presented to initiate a selection process starting from simpler cases to cases with increasing complexity, especially addressing the behaviour of systems dominated by Marangoni instabilities.
机译：就流体动力学和传质而言，其中一种液相分散到另一种液相中的接触装置的设计是一项艰巨的任务。为了解决这些多相多分散系统及其所有相互耦合相互作用的复杂性，迈向可靠预测的第一步是将系统简化为单个液滴问题，其中单个液滴在静态环境相中运动。通常，人们对转移可溶性成分时的传质系数（或舍伍德数）以及下降/上升的下降速度感兴趣。为了节省时间和金钱，一个目标是预测给定系统的行为，使其尽可能可靠，以最大程度地减少自己的实验（和数值）工作量。然而，尽管问题仅是理解单个液滴，但在少数基本情况下，分析方程式是可用且适用的，并且必须谨慎判断基于CFD方法的结果。另外，在大多数情况下，可能根本无法获得给定系统的实验数据或数值数据，因此从业者必须为相应的系统选择最合适的经验或半经验方法，这本身就是一项艰巨的任务。本文旨在帮助做出必要的决定，并使读者能够表征和限制有关流体动力学和传质的给定萃取系统。在那里，提供了一个图表以启动选择过程，从较简单的案例到复杂性不断增加的案例，特别是解决了以Marangoni不稳定性为主导的系统的行为。

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