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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal on Hydropower & Dams >Hydro and sustainable development: an example from the Pacific Northwest, USA
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Hydro and sustainable development: an example from the Pacific Northwest, USA

机译：水电与可持续发展：以美国西北太平洋地区为例

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摘要

The development of two small hydro plants by a group of farmers with no previous experience in this field involved overcoming a number of technical and bureacratic challenges. The approach to planning, and the overall philosophy of 'learning from the ecosystem', resulted in a project which is sociologically, ecologically and economically sound, as well as the formation of an integrated group of local stakeholders who have worked together to achieve multiple benefits from the scheme. This case study begins as a story of the Farmers Irrigation District (District), which is in Hood River County, Oregon, USA, about 100 km east of Portland, USA. The District began delivery of irrigation water in 1874 via open canals from the main stem of the Hood river and its tributaries, serving about 2350 ha of high-value orchard land. Operation and maintenance revenue for the irrigation district is obtained from assessments on the orchardists, but historically there was never sufficient money to enhance the irrigation water delivery system. This economic shortfall made it difficult to deliver adequate and reliable volumes of water for fruit production. Inefficient water delivery resulted in poor crops, which kept farm revenue low, making it impossible to increase assessments to address system improvements. The people of the District felt trapped in an endless negative cycle. In 1974, the District began studying the feasibility of developing small-scale hydropower facilities. A pilot hydro project appeared promising, and the District began the process of designing and constructing two hydroelectric facilities. The goal was to realize substantial revenue with which to enclose the entire water delivery system in pipes and provide pressurized water delivery to irrigated agriculture in western Hood River County. The District had stumbled into its first steps toward sustainable development.
机译：由一群在该领域没有经验的农民发展两个小型水力发电厂涉及克服了许多技术和官僚主义的挑战。规划的方法以及“从生态系统中学习”的总体理念导致了一个在社会，生态和经济上都合理的项目，并形成了一个由当地利益相关者组成的综合小组，他们共同努力实现了多种收益从该计划。本案例研究以农民灌溉区（区）的故事开始，该区位于美国俄勒冈州胡德河县，距离美国波特兰以东约100公里。该区于1874年开始通过敞篷运河从胡德河的主要干流及其支流输送灌溉水，服务于约2350公顷的高价值果园土地。灌溉区的运营和维护收入来自果园的评估，但历史上从来没有足够的资金来改善灌溉水输送系统。由于经济上的不足，难以为水果生产输送足够和可靠的水量。供水效率低下导致农作物歉收，这使农场收入低下，因此无法增加评估以解决系统改进问题。该地区的人民感到陷入了无尽的负面循环。 1974年，学区开始研究开发小型水电设施的可行性。一个水力发电试点项目看起来很有希望，该地区开始设计和建造两个水力发电设施。目标是实现可观的收入，将整个输水系统封装在管道中，并向西部胡德河县的灌溉农业提供加压输水。该区已跌入了迈向可持续发展的第一步。

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