Lead contamination among Paris Fire Brigade firefighters who fought the Notre Dame Cathedral fire in Paris

Allonneau Alexandre; Mercier Samuel; Maurin Olga; Robardet Fabien; Menguy-Fleuriot Anne; Luu Say-Chong; Louyot Catherine; Jacques Nicole; Jouffroy Romain; Prunet Bertrand

摘要

Background: On 15th April 2019, the fire at Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, resulted in the melting of 410 tons of lead. Four hundred fourteen Paris firefighters were involved. For the purpose of preventive medicine, the level of lead contamination among the firefighters was assessed. This study objectives? were to describe the blood lead levels (BLLs) in the firefighters, to study the influence of some parameters such as the function of firefighters and the decrease in BLLs during the follow-up investigations. Methods: The emission of 138 kg of melted lead from the roof and spire of the Notre Dame Cathedral during the fire was estimated by the National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks. Three categories were defined according to the estimated levels of external lead exposure and fire proximity: high (category 1, n = 170), medium (category 2, n = 151), and low (category 3, n = 93). Two to three weeks after the fire, blood samples to assess the BLLs were taken from firefighters in category 1 (N = 164) and from every female firefighter in category 1 and 2 (N = 4). When the BLL was above 50 ?g/L (95th percentile of reference range concentrations for a sample of the French population), it was checked again at one month later (N = 31) and then, if still above 50 ?g/L, at six months later (N = 10). Results: The geometric mean of initial blood lead level was 31.5 ?g/L (CI 95% [27.7?35.9]; Min-Max: 7.0?307.6 ?g/L). Twenty-five percent (n = 42) of initial BLLs were above 50 ?g/L, versus 10% (n = 16) at 1 month, and 2% (n = 3) at 6 months. The French binding biological BLL limit value (400 ?g/L for men and 300 ?g/L for women was never exceeded and all BLLs decreased over time. BLLs varied according to the function occupied during the extinguishing of the fire: operators?, officers? and those of unknown function. BLLs were significantly higher compared to drivers reflecting their lower distance to fire and fume. Conclusions: The fire at Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, resulted in moderate lead contamination among firefighters. Individual and collective protection measures probably helped to limit the contamination. Nevertheless, an effort could be made to improve the working conditions by rethinking the respiratory protection.

机译：背景：2019年4月15日，巴黎Notre Dame Cathedral的火灾导致了410吨铅的熔化。参与了四十四个巴黎消防员。为预防医学的目的，评估消防员之间的铅污染程度。这项研究目标？是为了描述消防员中的血铅水平（BLL），研究一些参数的影响，例如消防员的功能和在后续调查期间的BLL减少。方法：美国工业环境研究所和风险研究所估算火灾屋顶和尖顶的138公斤熔化铅的排放。根据估计的外部铅暴露和火灾程度定义了三种类别：高（类别1，N = 170），培养基（类别2，N = 151）和低（3，n = 93）。火灾后两到三周，评估BLL的血液样本是从第1类（n = 164）的消防员，并且来自第1类和2类的每个女性消防员（n = 4）。当BLL高于50？G / L（95百分位的法国人群样品的参考范围浓度）时，在一个月后再次检查（n = 31），然后，如果仍然超过50？g / l ，六个月后（n = 10）。结果：初始血铅水平的几何平均值为31.5？G / L（CI 95％[27.7？35.9]; MIN-MAX：7.0？307.6？G / L）。初始BL1的二十五（n = 42）高于50？g / l，与10％（n = 16），在1个月，6个月，2％（n = 3）。法国绑定生物学BLL限值（400？对于女性的300？G / L，对于女性而言，所有BLL随着时间的推移而降低。根据灭火过程中占用的功能，BLL变化：运营商？，官员？与未知功能的官员。与司机相比，BLLS比反映其降低距离和烟雾的驾驶员的比较显着更高。结论：巴黎巴黎巴黎大教堂的火灾导致消防员之间的中度铅污染。个人和集体保护措施可能有所帮助限制污染。尽管如此，可以通过重新思考呼吸系统保护来改善工作条件。

Lead contamination among Paris Fire Brigade firefighters who fought the Notre Dame Cathedral fire in Paris

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