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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management >LICENSING AGRICULTURAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY:HOW SHOULD PUBLIC R&D INSTITUTIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RESPOND?
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LICENSING AGRICULTURAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY:HOW SHOULD PUBLIC R&D INSTITUTIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RESPOND?

机译：农业知识产权许可：发展中国家应该如何应对公共研发机构？

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摘要

In the 21st century, licensing is the most common vehicle by which Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), especially for agricultural biotechnology, are transferred from inventors to users. In this paper, we argue that due to the strong association between IPR and agricultural biotechnology, technology transfer (e.g., licensing), needs to be conducted differently for agricultural biotechnology products. We examine two important licensing mechanisms: the patent license and material transfer agreements, and their unique features, and issues associated with their use. And yet, it's important to note that these legal instruments for agricultural biotechnology are contextual, case-specific, and may even be country-specific. We hope that this paper can serve as a starting point for discussion, and/or a guide for public research institutions in developing countries to more effectively use these technology transfer tools. We also present a few case examples that highlight the experiences of other national research institutions in handling these legal mechanisms. Learning from these experiences may help other institutions maximize benefits while minimizing cost and risk under the new context of technology transfer for agricultural innovations.
机译：在21世纪，许可是最常见的手段，通过这种手段，尤其是农业生物技术的知识产权（IPR）从发明者转移到用户。在本文中，我们认为，由于知识产权与农业生物技术之间的紧密联系，对农业生物技术产品的技术转让（例如许可）需要以不同的方式进行。我们研究了两个重要的许可机制：专利许可和材料转让协议，它们的独特功能以及与使用相关的问题。但是，重要的是要注意，这些农业生物技术法律文书是根据具体情况而定的，甚至可能因国家而异。我们希望本文可以作为讨论的起点，和/或为发展中国家的公共研究机构提供指南，以更有效地使用这些技术转让工具。我们还将提供一些案例示例，以突出其他国家研究机构在处理这些法律机制方面的经验。在农业创新技术转让的新背景下，从这些经验中学习可以帮助其他机构最大化收益，同时最大程度地降低成本和风险。

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