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首页> 外文期刊>The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment >Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of several powertrain types for cars and buses in France for two driving cycles: 'worldwide harmonized light vehicle test procedure' cycle and urban cycle
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Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of several powertrain types for cars and buses in France for two driving cycles: 'worldwide harmonized light vehicle test procedure' cycle and urban cycle

机译：法国汽车和公交车的多种动力总成类型的比较环境生命周期评估：'全球统一轻型车辆测试程序'周期和城市周期

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Purpose Environmental assessments in the transportation sector are often lacking in transparency and completeness. In this article, the environmental trade-offs in road passenger transportation between conventional vehicles and electrified vehicles are compared, using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Hence, the relevance of a massive electrification approach can be questioned. Assessing a set of current midsize passenger cars and buses allows for investigation of potential environmental issues. This is the first detailed LCA concerning several hybridization levels for cars and buses, and it is based on real consumption data for two traffic conditions. Methods We focused on the ISO standards (ISO 2006a, b) and analyzed the energy carriers' life cycle and the vehicle's life cycle. The functional unit is clearly defined as the transportation of one passenger over 1 km in specific driving conditions from a point A to a point B, without prejudice toward the path taken. Vehicle specifications were derived based on the available manufacturers' data, literature, and French Institute of Petroleum (IFPEN) experts. For the use stage, two driving cycles were assessed: the "worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure" (WLTP) cycle and an urban cycle. France was selected as the study area, and a sensitivity analysis was performed based on a European electricity charging mix for electrified vehicles. Results and discussion Battery electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) exhibit the highest climate change (CC) mitigation potential, provided that the electricity mix has low carbon and that the PHEV is used with a fully-charged battery. With these conditions, PHEVs can perform even better than EVs. In that regard, PHEVs using only a thermic engine perform the worst in regard to CC indicator. It is also worth mentioning that electric buses are the best solution in urban traffic conditions for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. Among powertrains, the electrified powertrains are even more important when performing in urban cycles. For other environmental indicators, such as particulate matter emissions, EVs perform worse than conventional thermic vehicles. Conclusions The results underline the importance of considering vehicles' life cycles for LCA in the transportation sector and the need for multicriteria environmental analysis. Therefore, electrification of the transportation sector should not be driven by a single CC indicator, as this may generate potential environmental drawbacks. It is also crucial to adapt public policies to the local context because the results are highly sensitive to the electricity charging mix.
机译：目的在运输部门的环境评估往往缺乏透明度和完整性。在本文中，使用生命周期评估（LCA）方法，比较了传统车辆与电气化车辆之间的公路客运的环境权衡。因此，可以质疑巨大的电气化方法的相关性。评估一套当前的中型乘用车和公共汽车允许调查潜在的环境问题。这是第一个详细的LCA关于汽车和公共汽车的几个杂交水平，它基于两个交通条件的实际消耗数据。方法我们专注于ISO标准（ISO 2006A，B）并分析了能源载体的生命周期和车辆的生命周期。功能单元明确定义为从点A到点B的特定驾驶条件中超过1km的一个乘客的运输，而不会朝向所采取的路径。基于可用的制造商的数据，文学和法国石油研究所（IFPEN）专家提供车辆规格。对于使用阶段，评估了两个驾驶循环：“全球统一的轻型车辆测试程序”（WLTP）周期和城市循环。选择法国作为研究区域，基于电气化车辆的欧洲电荷混合进行灵敏度分析。结果和讨论电池电动车（EVS）和插入式混合动力电动汽车（PHEV）表现出最高的气候变化（CC）缓解电位，条件是电气混合物具有低碳，PHEV与充满电的电池一起使用。通过这些条件，PHEV可以比EVS更好地表现。在这方面，仅使用热发动机的PHEV在CC指示符方面执行最差。值得一提的是，电动公交车是城市交通条件下的最佳解决方案，用于降低温室气体排放。在动力传动系中，在城市循环中表现时，电气化的动力是更重要的。对于其他环境指标，例如颗粒物质排放，EVS比传统的热型汽车更糟糕。结论结果强调了考虑运输部门LCA的车辆生命周期的重要性以及对多标子环境分析的需求。因此，运输部门的电气不应由单个CC指示器驱动，因为这可能产生潜在的环境缺点。将公共政策适应本地背景是至关重要的，因为结果对电力充电混合非常敏感。

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