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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of plant sciences >A PHYLOGENY OF TOADFLAXES (LINARIA MILL) BASED ON NUCLEAR INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER SEQUENCES: SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES
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A PHYLOGENY OF TOADFLAXES (LINARIA MILL) BASED ON NUCLEAR INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER SEQUENCES: SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES

机译：基于核内转录间隔序列的蟾蜍（亚麻制）的系统发育和进化序列

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Premise of research. Toadflaxes (Linaria Mill., ～150 spp. from the Palearctic region) constitute the largest genus of the snapdragon lineage (tribe Antirrhineae). Here we provide the first extensive phylogenetic testing of systematic and evolutionary hypotheses about toadflaxes. Methodology. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were obtained for 94 species representing all sections of Linaria recognized by recent taxonomic treatments, as well as three species of the morphologically related American genus Nuttallanthus. In addition, 71 sequences representing the remaining 26 genera of Antirrhineae were gathered to test the monophyly of toadflaxes. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood. Evaluation of alternative topologies was assessed by means of Bayes factor analyses. Pivotal results. Linaria and Nuttallanthus constituted a monophyletic group within the Antirrhineae. Linaria was recovered as a paraphyletic group with Nuttallanthus nested within it. Six major clades were recognized within the Linaria-Nuttallanthus clade. The seed wing, a structure that has been extensively used in systematic treatments, appears to be a homoplasious character in Linaria. Conclusions. The circumscription of Nuttallanthus within Linaria is suggested to preserve the monophyly of the latter genus. Three sections of Linaria (Macrocentrum, Pelisserianae, and Versicolores) that are well defined by distinct morphological traits are also supported as natural groups, while monophyly of the remaining sections (Supinae, Linaria, Speciosae, and Diffusae) is unsupported by our results. Habit, inflorescence, and flower morphology, coupled with seed morphology, are revealed as the key characters in the evolution of toadflaxes.
机译：研究前提。蟾蜍（Linaria Mill。，来自古北地区的约150 spp。）是金鱼草谱系（Antirrhineae部落）的最大属。在这里，我们提供了对蟾蜍的系统和进化假设的首次广泛系统发育测试。方法。内部转录间隔区（ITS）序列获得了94个物种的代表，这些物种代表最近被分类学方法识别的利纳里亚的所有部分，以及形态相关的美国属Nuttallanthus的3个物种。此外，收集了代表剩余的Antirrhineae的26个属的71个序列，以检测蟾蜍的单亲性。系统发育分析使用贝叶斯推断和最大似然法进行。替代拓扑的评估通过贝叶斯因子分析进行评估。关键的结果。 Linaria和Nuttallanthus组成了Antirrhineae内的一个单系群体。利纳里亚（Linaria）被恢复为寄生在其内的Nuttallanthus的动物群。在Linaria-Nuttallanthus进化枝中识别出六个主要进化枝。种子的翅膀，已被广泛用于系统治疗的结构，似乎是利纳里亚的一个同质性特征。结论。建议在Linaria中限制Nuttallanthus以保留后者的属。自然特征也支持了由不同形态特征很好地定义的三个Linaria（Macrocentrum，Pelisserianae和Versicolores）作为自然群体，而其余部分（Supinae，Linaria，Speciosae和Diffusae）的单科则不受我们的结果支持。习性，花序和花的形态以及种子的形态被揭示为蟾蜍进化的关键特征。

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