POLLINATION OF PHILODENDRON ACUTATUM (ARACEAE) IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL: A SINGLE SCARAB BEETLE SPECIES GUARANTEES HIGH FRUIT SET

Artur Campos Dalia Maia; Clemens Schlindwein; Daniela Maria Almeida Ferraz Navarro; Marc Gibernau

首页> 外文期刊>International journal of plant sciences >POLLINATION OF PHILODENDRON ACUTATUM (ARACEAE) IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL: A SINGLE SCARAB BEETLE SPECIES GUARANTEES HIGH FRUIT SET

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POLLINATION OF PHILODENDRON ACUTATUM (ARACEAE) IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL: A SINGLE SCARAB BEETLE SPECIES GUARANTEES HIGH FRUIT SET

机译：东北巴西大西洋森林中金盏花的授粉：单头甲虫物种保证的高果集

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Philodendron acutatum (Araceae) is a hemiepiphyte common to the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. In two localities, we studied the species' breeding system and associations with flower-visiting insects, along with an analysis of its floral scent composition. The fruit set of self-incompatible P. acutatum was high, more than 90%, and inflorescences were exclusively pollinated by one species of scarab beetle, Cyclocephala celata (Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae). Pollinators are drawn toward the inflorescences at dusk by strong floral fragrances given off during the female phase of anthesis, along with endogenous heating of the spadix, whose temperatures were recorded at more than 11°C above ambient air. Two other species of flower-visiting Cyclocephala were also consistently recovered in blacklight trappings during the flowering period of P. acutatum. The fact that only C. celata was found in association with P. acutatum suggests a local reproductive dependence of the plant to this scarab beetle species. Dihydro-β-ionone and 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-hexanone, a rare volatile molecule so far unreported as a floral compound, together accounted for more than 97% of the unique scent composition of P. acutatum and might be involved in specific attraction of C. celata.

机译：爱睡爱乐子（Araceae）是巴西东北部大西洋森林常见的半生植物。在两个地方，我们研究了该物种的繁殖系统以及与访花昆虫的联系，并分析了其花香成分。自交不亲切假单胞菌的果实高度较高，超过90％，并且花序仅由一种金龟子甲虫Cyclocephala celata（Scarabaeidae，Dynastinae）授粉。花粉的雌性阶段散发出浓烈的花香，伴随着茎秆的内生加热，花粉在黄昏时被吸引到花序，茎秆的温度被记录为比周围空气高11摄氏度以上。在切叶青椒的开花期，在黑光陷阱中也能持续回收访花的另外两种Cyclocephala。仅发现C. celata和P. acutatum有关联的事实表明该植物对该金龟子甲虫物种具有局部繁殖依赖性。二氢-β-紫罗兰酮和2-羟基-5-甲基-3-己酮（一种至今尚未报道为花香化合物的稀有挥发性分子）合计占番茄的独特气味成分的97％以上，可能涉及在C. celata的特定吸引力下。

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《International journal of plant sciences》 |2010年第7期|P.740-748|共9页
作者
Artur Campos Dalia Maia; Clemens Schlindwein; Daniela Maria Almeida Ferraz Navarro; Marc Gibernau;
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Universidade Federal da Parafba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas, Cidade Universitaria, 58059-900 Joao Pessoa, Brazil,and Universite Paul Sabatier, Batiment 4R3-B2, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France;

rnUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botanica, Avenida Professor Morais Rego, s Cidade Universitaria, 50670-901 Recife, Brazil;

rnUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Quimica Fundamental, Avenida Professor Morais Rego, s Cidade Universitaria, 50670-901 Recife, Brazil;

rnCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecologie des Forets de Guyane (Unite Mixte de Recherche 81 72), Campus Agronomique BP709, 97387 Korou Cedex, France;

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关键词
cyclocephala; floral volatiles; pollination specificity; reproductive success; thermogenesis;

机译：头颅花挥发物;授粉特异性生殖成功;生热;
入库时间 2022-08-18 03:45:40

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1. A new species of Philodendron (Araceae) and a key to Brazilian Atlantic Forest species of P. subgenus Pteromischum [J] . LUANA S.B. CALAZANS, CASSIA M. SAKURAGUI Phytotaxa . 2013,第1a2期

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机译：巴西里约热内卢州大西洋森林中爱乐子科（Araceae）的多样性和保护
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机译：巴西大西洋森林中细胞膜的种子分散器和果实综合征
5. Philodendron luisae (Araceae) a new species from Rio de Janeiro State Brazil [O] . Luana Silva Braucks Calazans, Nerivaldo Gomes Antas, Cassia Mônica Sakuragui -1

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6. Endothermy of dynastine scarab beetles (Cyclocephala colasi) associated with pollination biology of a thermogenic arum lily (Philodendron solimoesense) : Cyclocephala colasi beetles are facultative endotherms that spend most of their adult lives inside the inflorescences of Philodendron solimoesense, where ambient temperature (Ta) averages about 28°C due to floral thermogenesis. Measurements of respiration within a range of Ta showed that active beetles became spontaneously endothermic at Ta below 28°C but were rarely endothermic above it. There was no evidence of endothermy within the inflorescences, indicating that activities in the floral chamber can occur without the high energy expense of endothermy. Bouts of endothermy occurred at lower Ta in respirometer chambers mainly in the evening, when the insects normally fly from one inflorescence to another, and during the night, when they normally eat and mate within the inflorescence. Patterns of endothermy in individual episodes were studied in non-flying beetles with respirometry and infrared thermal imaging. Heat was generated in the thorax by oscillatory waves of respiration that were coupled with thoracic temperature (Tth) increases. Stationary beetles could regulate Tth at about 33°C independently of Ta between 16 and 29°C. At Ta20°C, this represents a 116-fold increase in metabolic rate over resting, ectothermic values. Endothermy was clearly a requirement for flight, and beetles departing inflorescences warmed to about 30°C before take-off. During flight, Tth was dependent on Ta, decreasing from 37 to 28°C at Ta of 37 to 20°C, respectively. The lowest Ta at which flight could occur was about 20°C. Thermal conductance of stationary, endothermic beetles increased at higher metabolic rates, probably because of increased ventilatory heat loss. [O] . Seymour, R.S., White, C.R., Gibernau, Marc 2009

机译：与产热香芋百合（Philodendron solimoesense）授粉生物学相关的动态圣甲虫（Cyclocephala colasi）吸热：Cyclocephala colasi甲虫是兼性吸热体，它们大部分成年生活都在Philodendron solimoesense的花序中，其平均温度（Ta）由于花的生热作用，温度约为28°C。在Ta范围内的呼吸测量表明，活跃的甲虫在Ta低于28°C时会自发吸热，而在Ta高于28°C时很少吸热。在花序中没有吸热的迹象，表明花室中的活动可以在没有高的吸热能量消耗的情况下发生。吸热的爆发主要发生在晚上，当昆虫通常从一个花序飞到另一个花序时，以及在晚上，它们通常在花序中进食并交配时，在呼吸计室的较低Ta处发生。在非飞行甲虫中通过呼吸测定法和红外热成像研究了单个发作中的吸热模式。伴随着胸温（Tth）升高的呼吸振荡波在胸腔中产生热量。固定甲虫可以在约33°C的温度下调节Tth，而与Ta在16至29°C之间的温度无关。在Ta20°C下，这表示其代谢速率比静止的，等温的升高116倍。吸热显然是飞行的要求，离开花序的甲虫在起飞前会升温到约30°C。在飞行过程中，Tth取决于Ta，在Ta从37降至20°C时，Tth分别从37°C降至28°C。可能发生飞行的最低Ta约为20°C。固定的，吸热的甲虫的热导率以较高的代谢率增加，这可能是由于通风热损失增加所致。

POLLINATION OF PHILODENDRON ACUTATUM (ARACEAE) IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL: A SINGLE SCARAB BEETLE SPECIES GUARANTEES HIGH FRUIT SET

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