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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of plant sciences >A SMALL HETEROPHYLLOUS VINE CLIMBING ON PSARONIUS AND CORDAITES TREES IN THE EARLIEST PERMIAN FORESTS OF NORTH CHINA
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A SMALL HETEROPHYLLOUS VINE CLIMBING ON PSARONIUS AND CORDAITES TREES IN THE EARLIEST PERMIAN FORESTS OF NORTH CHINA

机译：华北最早的二叠纪森林的普华斯和Cordaites树上攀爬的小型异常藤蔓

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摘要

Premise of research. Climbing plants are important components of modern-day tropical forests and primarily comprise angiosperms, but in Paleozoic tropical forests, pteridosperms were the dominant climbers. Climbing pteridosperms are well known from the Paleozoic floras of Euramerica, while much less is known about climbing pteridosperms from other phytogeographic regions. We document from the earliest Permian Taiyuan Formation of Cathaysia a new genus and species of a small vine preserved in situ and in 3D in a volcanic tuff bed from the Wuda locality. We consider the affinity and ecology of the new plant and evaluate its abundance and distribution in the Wuda forest community. Methodology. Macrofossils were prepared by degagement, and sharpened needles were used to expose the plant from the overlying sediment. Anatomy was revealed by petrological thin sections. Key features of the plant were observed under scanning electron microscopy. Pivotal results. Only the aerial organs of the plant are known, and they comprise stems up to 4.5 mm in diameter that bear hooked prickles and fronds. Branching is irregular, probably axillary, with buds situated in axils of the stem and fronds. Stems are eustelic with well-developed secondary xylem. Lanceolate and distinctly asymmetric bipinnate fronds arise from the stem in nodes. Fronds show considerable variation in both size and shape, and pinnules are strongly heterophyllous. Large pinnules have relatively long conical pinnule lobes terminated by pads that are adapted for climbing, which we consider to be pinnule climbing adaptations. Epidermal cells on pinnules have large paracytic stomatal apparatuses. Fertile pinnules with well-developed pinnule laminae appear to have borne reproductive organs above lateral veins and between the midvein and the pinnule margin on the lower (abaxial) pinnule surface. Fertile structures are incompletely preserved and appear to represent pollen organs; seeds are unknown. Conclusions. Although its fertile organs are unknown, characters of the new plant are most similar to those of the pteridosperm family Callistophytales and in particular Callistophyton, but it is distinct from existing genera, leading to the erection of Wudaeophyton wangii gen. et sp. nov. Wudaeophyton wangii is reconstructed as a vine climbing on Psaronius marattialean fern associations in the bottom of the tuff bed and on Cordaites gymnosperm associations at the top. We interpret W. wangii to most likely be a member of the Callistophytales, leading us to consider the persistence and evolutionary diversification of Callistophytales in the Cathaysian floras after their regional extirpation in Euramerica, which broadly coincided with the onset of the Permian, and their eventual extinction in the Lopingian (upper Permian) before the end-Permian mass extinction event.
机译：研究的前提。攀岩植物是现代热带森林的重要组成部分，主要包括耳鼻喉动物，但在古生代热带森林中，蕨类植物是主要登山者。攀登蕨体普罗斯姆众所周知，从欧美人的古生代植物群岛众所周知，较少越来越少关于攀爬从其他植物地区的蕨类植物。我们从最早的二元园内组建了Judayia的Median Tailuan，这是一个新的藤蔓的新属和物种，从武都局部的火山牙龈床中保存。我们考虑了新工厂的亲和力和生态，评估了武都森林界的丰富与分布。方法。通过消泡剂制备大甲酰胺，并使用锐化针从上覆沉积物暴露植物。岩石学薄部分揭示了解剖学。在扫描电子显微镜下观察到植物的主要特征。关染术。只知道植物的空中器官，它们包括直径高达4.5毫米的茎，钩住刺刺和叶子。分支是不规则的，可能是腋生的，芽位于茎和叶子的轴上。茎是常见的，具有发达的二级木形。披针形和明显的不对称双蛋白叶片来自节点中的茎。叶子在尺寸和形状方面表现出相当大的变化，并且Pinnules是强杂的。大的柱具有相对长的锥形脊柱裂片，由适于攀爬的垫终止，我们认为是针刺攀爬的适应。 Pinnules上的表皮细胞具有大的假阴影仪器。具有良好开发的脊柱薄层的肥沃峰值似乎在横向静脉上方的生殖器官和下部（亚轴）脊柱表面上的中间素和脊柱边缘之间具有生殖器官。肥沃的结构不完全保存，似乎代表花粉器官;种子未知。结论。虽然其肥沃的器官未知，但新植物的性状与蕨类植物家族胼commerytophytales和特定的胼callistophyton最常见，但它与现有的属不同，导致Wudeophyton Wangii Gen的勃起。等SP。 11月。 Wudaeophyton Wangii被重建为凝灰岩床底部的PSARONIUS Marattialean Fern关联的藤蔓，以及顶部的Cordaites Gymnosperm关联。我们将Wangii解释为最有可能是胼existophytales的成员，导致我们考虑在欧洲欧马察的区域灭绝后，考虑日常植物植物中的尿道和进化多样化，这与二叠纪的发作广泛地恰逢其有在终点群体灭绝事件前延期落后（上二叠纪）。

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  • 来源
    《International journal of plant sciences》 |2020年第6期|616-645|共30页
  • 作者

    Josef Psenicka; Jun Wang; Jason Hilton; Weiming Zhou; Jiri Bek; Stanislav Oplustil; Jana Votockova Frojdova;

  • 作者单位

    State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China Centrum of Palaeobiodiversity West Bohemia Museum in Pilsen Kopeckeho sady 2 301 00 Plzen Czech Republic;

    State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19(A) Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China;

    School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom;

    State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China;

    Department of Paleobiology and Paleoecology Institute of Geology Czech Academy of Sciences Rozvojova 269 165 00 Praha 6 Czech Republic;

    Faculty of Sciences Charles University in Prague Albertov 6 128 43 Praha 2 Czech Republic;

    Department of Paleobiology and Paleoecology Institute of Geology Czech Academy of Sciences Rozvojova 269 165 00 Praha 6 Czech Republic;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    seed fern; gymnosperm; Callistophytales; Callistophyton; Wudaeophyton; Cathaysian flora; Euramerican flora; China;

    机译：种子蕨;裸子植物;胼callistophytales;胼callistophyton;wudaeophyton;加州植物群;欧洲植物群;中国;

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