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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Production Research >Raw material procurement with fluctuating prices using speculative inventory under consideration of different contract types and transport modes
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Raw material procurement with fluctuating prices using speculative inventory under consideration of different contract types and transport modes

机译：在考虑不同合同类型和运输方式的情况下，使用投机性存货价格波动的原材料采购

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摘要

The paper develops a combined dynamic procurement and transport model for performance evaluation by explicitly considering fluctuating prices of raw material, alternative transport modes as well as contract types. In a dynamic environment the procurement managers face (ⅰ) the challenge to select the 'right' strategy (i.e. transport mode and contract type) and (ⅱ) in each period the decision whether to procure or not, depending on the price; in case of procurement, the price-dependent quantity must be determined. For tackling the decision problems of procurement, contract price and transport mode, we propose an approach motivated by demand models depending on the reservation price which is derived from revenue management. Alternative strategies are characterised by the contract type (short-term, long-term and portfolio), by the possibility to hold speculative inventories or not, and by the modes of transport including intermodal and multi-mode transport. Based on the procurement, transport and inventory costs, the performance of selected strategies is illustrated for a real supply process in the chemical industry using dynamic process analysis. The findings show that the most efficient strategies lead to reduction of average total procurement costs between 8 and 18%. Subsequently, managerial guidelines are derived for the selection of the most appropriate strategy.
机译：本文通过明确考虑原材料价格的波动，替代运输方式以及合同类型，开发了一种用于评估绩效的动态采购和运输相结合的模型。在动态的环境中，采购经理面临（ⅰ）选择“正确”策略（即运输方式和合同类型）的挑战，以及（ⅱ）在每个时期根据价格决定是否采购的挑战；如果是采购，则必须确定价格相关的数量。为了解决采购，合同价格和运输方式的决策问题，我们提出了一种基于需求模型的方法，该方法取决于来自收益管理的保留价格。替代策略的特征在于合同类型（短期，长期和投资组合），是否持有投机性库存以及运输方式（包括多式联运和多式联运）。基于采购，运输和库存成本，使用动态过程分析说明了化学工业中实际供应过程的所选策略的性能。调查结果表明，最有效的策略可将平均总采购成本降低8％至18％。随后，为选择最合适的策略而制定了管理指南。

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