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Refugee Status Determinations and the Limits of Memory

机译：难民身份确定和记忆极限

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摘要

Refugee status decision makers typically have unreasonable expectations of what and how people remember. Many assume that our minds record all aspects of the events that we experience, and that these memories are stored in our brains and remain unchanged over time. Decades of psychological research has demonstrated, however, that our memories are neither so complete nor so stable, even setting aside the effects on memory of trauma and stress. Whole categories of information are difficult to recall accurately, if at all: temporal information, such as dates, frequency, duration and sequence; the appearance of common objects; discrete instances of repeated events; peripheral information; proper names; and the verbatim wording of verbal exchanges. In addition, our autobiographical memories change over time, and may change significantly. As a result, while gaps or inconsistencies in a claimant's testimony may in some cases properly lead to a negative credibility finding, such aspects are often misleading and should never be used mechanically, and the bar must be set much lower. Many decision makers must fundamentally readjust their thinking about claimants’ memories if they are to avoid making findings that are as unsound as they are unjust.
机译：难民身份决策者通常对人们记忆的内容和方式抱有不合理的期望。许多人假设我们的思想记录了我们经历的事件的各个方面，并且这些记忆存储在我们的大脑中，并且随着时间的流逝而保持不变。然而，数十年来的心理学研究表明，我们的记忆既不那么完整也不那么稳定，甚至不考虑对创伤和压力记忆的影响。如果有的话，很难准确地回忆出所有类别的信息：时间信息，例如日期，频率，持续时间和顺序；常见物体的外观；重复事件的离散实例；周边信息；恰当的名字;以及口头交流的逐字记录。此外，我们的自传式记忆会随着时间而变化，并且可能会发生重大变化。结果，虽然索赔人的证词中的空白或不一致之处在某些情况下可能会适当地导致否定可信度的发现，但这些方面通常会产生误导，并且绝不能机械地使用，并且必须将门槛定得低得多。许多决策者必须从根本上重新调整对索赔人记忆的思考，以免得出不合理和不公正的结论。

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    《International Journal of Refugee Law》 |2010年第4期|p.469-511|共43页
  • 作者

    Hilary Evans Cameron*;

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    *Hilary Evans Cameron is a Canadian refugee lawyer. She heads the Refugee and Immigration Division of the University of Toronto's community legal clinic;

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