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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of remote sensing >Vertical characteristics of radar reflectivity and DSD parameters in intense convective clouds over South East South Asia during the Indian Summer monsoon: GPM observations
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Vertical characteristics of radar reflectivity and DSD parameters in intense convective clouds over South East South Asia during the Indian Summer monsoon: GPM observations

机译：GPM观测结果：印度夏季风期间东南亚南亚强对流云层中雷达反射率和DSD参数的垂直特征

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摘要

Global precipitation measurement (GPM) launched in February 2014 as a legacy of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Both satellites carry precipitation radar (PR), which measures the three-dimension structure of precipitation from space. Compared to TRMM PR, GPM has dual-polarized radar (DPR) and provides the raindrop size distribution (DSD) including mass-weighted mean diameter (D-m, in mm) and normalized DSD scaling parameter for concentration (N-w, in mm(-1) m(-3)) (DSD parameters), along with radar reflectivity factor (Z(e)) from the surface to 21.875 km. Here we investigated the regional differences in intense convective clouds over South East & South Asia (SESA) and explored the differences in the East and West coast of India, by selecting the various areas. We defined two types of clouds, namely Cumulonimbus towers (CbTs) and intense convective clouds (ICCs) based on the Z(e) and height thresholds. CbTs must consist of 20 dBZ at 12 km, with echo base height less than 3 km, where ICCs are classified based on Z(e) threshold at 8 km (ICC8) and 3 km (ICC3). The average vertical profiles of CbTs indicate a strong west to east gradient, as the west side/coast of India has intense CbTs, with higher hydrometeors size, and decreases at east side/coast of India. The results reveal that the western side of India (Western Himalaya Foothills and Western Ghats) consists of fewer CbTs, but they are more intense. ICC3s are distributed nearly uniformly over the SESA but show the regional differences in Z(e) and DSD parameters in the vertical profiles. Despite various height and Z(e) thresholds used in the present study, WHF has the strongest vertical profile for all type of cloud cells, and indicate the importance of specific features and orographic modulated flow. The hydrometeors size is highest over Western Himalaya Foothills and least over the Bay of Bengal. Hydrometeors concentration shows the north-south gradient and higher over oceanic areas. Two coastal areas, Western Ghats and Myanmar show the different characteristics. Western Ghats CbTs are more intense, with higher hydrometeors size, whereas Myanmar has weaker convection and consists of small-sized hydrometeors. Hydrometeors size and concentration show the opposite characteristics, as hydrometeors size is higher for intense average Z(e) profiles, whereas hydrometeors concentration is less for intense average Z(e) profiles.
机译：全球降水测量（GPM）于2014年2月启动，是热带雨量测量任务（TRMM）的传统。两颗卫星均携带降水雷达（PR），该雷达可测量太空降水的三维结构。与TRMM PR相比，GPM具有双极化雷达（DPR），并提供雨滴大小分布（DSD），包括质量加权平均直径（Dm，mm）和归一化DSD浓度定标参数（Nw，mm（-1） ）m（-3））（DSD参数），以及从地面到21.875 km的雷达反射率因子（Z（e））。在这里，我们调查了东南亚和南亚（SESA）上强对流云的区域差异，并通过选择各个区域探索了印度东西海岸的差异。我们基于Z（e）和高度阈值定义了两种类型的云，即积雨云塔（CbTs）和强对流云（ICC）。 CbT必须在12 km处由20 dBZ组成，回波基准高度必须小于3 km，其中ICC根据8 km（ICC8）和3 km（ICC3）的Z（e）阈值进行分类。 CbTs的平均垂直剖面表明，从西到东的梯度很强，因为印度的西侧/海岸具有强烈的CbTs，具有较大的水凝物，而在印度的东侧/海岸则有所减小。结果表明，印度西侧（西喜马拉雅山麓丘陵和西高止山脉）由较少的CbT组成，但强度更高。 ICC3在SESA上几乎均匀分布，但在垂直剖面中显示Z（e）和DSD参数的区域差异。尽管在本研究中使用了各种高度和Z（e）阈值，但WHF对于所有类型的云细胞都具有最强的垂直剖面，并指出了特定特征和地形调制流的重要性。在喜马拉雅山西部丘陵地区，水生生物的大小最高，而在孟加拉湾则最小。水生气象物质的浓度显示出南北梯度，而在海洋区域则更高。西高止山脉和缅甸这两个沿海地区表现出不同的特征。西高止山脉的CbTs强度更高，水凝物的尺寸更大，而缅甸的对流较弱，由小型水凝物组成。水凝物的大小和浓度显示出相反的特征，因为在强烈的平均Z（e）剖面中，水凝物的尺寸较大，而在强烈的平均Z（e）剖面中，水凝物的浓度较小。

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  • 来源
    《International journal of remote sensing》 |2019年第24期|9604-9628|共25页
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  • 作者单位

    Inst Geophys Peru Badajoz Peru;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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